商務(wù)英語(yǔ)郵件寫(xiě)作指南:by和until的區(qū)別
WRONG: Write the report until 5 pm.
RIGHT: Write the report by 5 pm.
Write the report until 5 pm means “Start writing the report now, continue writing it until 5 pm, then stop writing it regardless of whether it is finished or not.”
當(dāng)你使用“until”意味著“從現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始寫(xiě)報(bào)告,一直寫(xiě),寫(xiě)到下午五點(diǎn),然后不管你寫(xiě)沒(méi)寫(xiě)完,都不能再寫(xiě)了”。
Write the report by 5 pm means “Make sure that at 5 pm the letter is written and finished”.
當(dāng)你使用“by”就表示“確保一定要在下午五點(diǎn)前寫(xiě)完這封信”。
Use “by” when you refer to a deadline.
使用“by”,你指的是一個(gè)最后期限。
Use “until” when you refer to the period of time before a deadline.
使用“until”,你指的是在最后期限之前的一段時(shí)間。
Here’s a summary:
總結(jié):
1. I can do it by 5 pm.
1.我能在下午五點(diǎn)前做完。
2. I can do it until 5 pm.
2.我會(huì)做到下午五點(diǎn)(不管有沒(méi)有完成)。
3. I can’t do it by 5 pm.
3.下午五點(diǎn)前我做不完。
4. I can’t do it until 5 pm.
4.我要到下午五點(diǎn)才能開(kāi)始做。
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