導語：高考英語作文對“人際關系”這一話題的考查,不外乎父母與子女的關系、師生關系、同學或朋友關系以及鄰里關系,通常針對如何建立人際關系或影響人際關系的某一方面來命題,涉及信任、尊重、交流、傾聽、友誼、感恩等子話題。如2008年高考英語江蘇卷要求以“Being a Good Listener”為題,根據要點寫一篇演講稿;2009年高考英語安徽卷要求針對父母翻看孩子日記或書包這一現象寫一篇演講稿,分析原因,提出溝通方法。

　　下面以2008年高考英語山東卷為例,談一談“人際關系”話題的內容積累與表達準備。

　　寫作任務：

　　假設你是新華中學的學生張華,班里從外地轉來一名同學李明,他一時無法融入新的班集體中,感到很苦惱。請根據下列要點用英語給他寫封信。

　　(1)幫他分析原因;(2)給他提出建議;(3)陳述你幫助他的具體打算。

　　注意:詞數120～150。

　　這道作文題涉及的是人際關系中“友誼”這一子話題。試題雖然列出了三個寫作要點,但沒有給出具體內容,這就大大增加了寫作難度。由于缺乏積累,一些同學臨時思考,匆忙組織,導致作文內容空洞膚淺、不切實際,語句表達單調、無條理,詞匯運用平淡、匱乏。如果我們能在平時對人際關系這一話題的相關內容和表達作如下系統的積累和準備,遇到相關試題,就可以根據具體的寫作要求,從容應對。

　　1. 建立良好人際關系的意義

　　與朋友:Friends are our treasures. A good friend is someone that lets us be ourselves and hopefully encourages us to be the best part of ourselves. How many times have they shared the joys and sorrows together with us? How many times have they offered help to us when we’re in need? In fact, without a friend, nothing much seems enjoyable.

　　與父母:Our parents should also be our closest friends. The relationship between parents and children has great influence on the life of both sides.

　　與老師:It is the teachers who give us knowledge, develop our ability, and put wings on us, with which we can fly towards our ideals.

　　與鄰里:Just as a proverb says, “A close neighbor is better than a distant relative.”

　　2. 建立良好人際關系的條件

　　誠信:We have to be honest with others and should always say what we mean. Lies will surely make people stay far away from us in the long run.

　　禮貌:We have to be polite and modest enough. If we are proud or rude in public, we can hardly win others’ respect, not to mention “friendship”.

　　無私:We must not be selfish. We should learn how to show concern for others.

　　有價值:We need to be valuable to the person we want to be friends with. We have to have something to offer other people, something of value which they are prepared to exchange for what they can offer.

　　3. 如何建立良好的人際關系

　　主動介紹:Introduce yourself and talk to others so that they will know more about you. As your communication goes further, you’re sure to find much in common.

　　積極參與:Attend parties, sports events and special gatherings. In this way you and others will know more about each other.

　　大膽交流:Don’t be too shy. Voice your opinions so that others will know you are a person of thought.

　　真誠溝通:Make full use of your passion and kindness to bridge the gap between you and others.

　　4. 建立良好人際關系的障礙

　　過于膽怯:You might be a bit shy in the new surroundings.

　　過于敏感:You might be a sensitive person and worry too much about what people think of you.

　　過于內向:You might be too silent. However, silence only makes matters worse.

　　5. 如何維持良好的人際關系

　　避免爭吵:Try to avoid quarrels. Discuss and negotiate with your friends when your opinions differ.

　　善于傾聽:Be a good listener while your friends are talking. Listening contributes to building up excellent relationships between people.

　　真誠待人:Be sincere to your friends, especially when you think they’re doing something wrong.

　　樂于助人:Be ready to help your friends whenever they’re in need.

　　有了以上較為系統的積累,寫作時,我們只需在滿足格式、結構要求的前提下,根據試題的內容要點,選擇相關的進行從容表達。

　　例如山東卷的這道題,根據信件的形式和“幫助同學融入班級”這一主題,文章首先應符合英文書信的寫作格式,正文則應根據“分析李明難以融入班級的原因”“提出建議”“陳述具體打算”這幾個內容要點,從內容準備中選擇合適的進行表達。例如,難以融入新集體的原因可能是You might be a bit shy in such new surroundings;提出的建議有:Silence only makes matters worse. Be brave and make full use of your passion and kindness to bridge the gap between us. As the communication between us goes further, we’re sure to find much in common;你具體的打算可以是:I will take you with me when activities are planned,等等。在此基礎上,表達連貫、有條理就可以了。

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重要Important 人際交往Interpersonal communication