考情動態(tài)分析

　　書面表達(dá)(高考25-30分)宗旨是測試考生的英語表達(dá)能力，看其是否能夠運(yùn)用學(xué)過的知識和掌握的技能進(jìn)行思想交流。他不僅能測試出考生的詞匯量、語法、書法等方面的能力，更能測試出考生組織文章、輸出所學(xué)知識的表達(dá)能力。

　　從歷年來的高考試卷來看，書面表達(dá)是指導(dǎo)(限制)性的寫作：即按照題目(或一段文字或及幅圖畫)所給的條件、內(nèi)容、要求、時間、地點(diǎn)、在限制的字?jǐn)?shù)(100個詞左右)內(nèi)，去完成寫作。它不同與其他命題寫作文，可以隨意發(fā)揮，也不是簡單的翻譯，而必須做到行文切題，緊扣中心思想，不漏要點(diǎn)，符合語法，并且意思連貫，文理通順，語言準(zhǔn)確得當(dāng)。

　　一、書面表達(dá)解題方法與技巧：

　　1。認(rèn)真審題，理解題意

　　首先要看準(zhǔn)文章的寫作體裁，其次,才能定時態(tài)、定人稱、定格式(因?yàn)椴煌奈捏w的格式不同)，然后再考慮語言，語氣的運(yùn)用。一般的記敘文，說明文，議論文等多用書面語;而應(yīng)用文，如書信，口頭通知，便條等多用口頭語。記敘文、日記等一般可用過去時，而說明文、通知等一般要用一般現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r。 如果是看圖寫文，看懂每幅圖之間的聯(lián)系至關(guān)重要。寫要點(diǎn)。據(jù)每幅圖寫出一至兩句話。因?yàn)槊磕旮呖紩姹磉_(dá)一般控制在10句話，120個詞左右。

　　2。連句成文。

　　每句話寫好后，用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞連接起來，使之上下連貫，呼應(yīng)，通順，簡潔。

　　3。查錯漏。

　　完稿后，檢查一下有沒有時態(tài)，語態(tài)，拼寫錯誤并逐一加以改正。

　　4。書寫規(guī)范 卷面干靜

　　任何一種形式的書面文字材料，都要求書寫規(guī)范，拼寫準(zhǔn)確無誤，字跡清晰，按書寫規(guī)則大小寫及移行正確。且記不要有鐵絲網(wǎng)、地雷、籬笆之類的東西，卷面一定要講究干凈(不要用鉛筆答題，要用圓珠筆、鋼筆)。

　　不同的書面表達(dá)形式有不同的格式，如書信、日記、通知等各有其特殊形式，都要按要求書寫規(guī)范。書寫時除了注意移行規(guī)則外，還應(yīng)注意字母寫得圓滑飽滿，有15%左右的傾斜度，每行寫10個單詞左右，詞與詞的距離要小、行與行的距離稍大些，寫10行左右，這樣字段既符合要求，也顯得短小精悍。

　　同時，還要注意文章的開頭和結(jié)尾寫好，要用最流行、最回味的語言和語句去寫，這樣更會得到評卷老師的好感。只有這樣您才會得到滿意而有理想的高分。

　　總之,書面表達(dá)必須在所提示的范圍內(nèi),根據(jù)不同文體的特點(diǎn)和要求來解題,努力做到:要點(diǎn)全,句子通,條理清.指代明確,時態(tài)呼應(yīng),格式標(biāo)準(zhǔn),書寫工整,卷面干凈.當(dāng)然”冰凍三尺,非一日之寒”.因此,要寫好書面表達(dá),除了掌握一定的寫作方法及技巧,還要特別注意平時知識的日益積累.因此.平時要多讀,多寫,多記一些句型并掌握詞匯的用法,多背一些優(yōu)美的句子及范文.只有具備了一定語言基礎(chǔ)知識和語言組織能力,積累大量的語言材料,再加上平時的強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練, 同學(xué)們的寫作水平就一定會大大地提高,在高考中就一定會寫出更好的文章來。

　　為了幫助同學(xué)們在平時寫作練習(xí)的時候時刻牢記這些寫作的基本要領(lǐng)，特編順口溜如下：

　　細(xì)審題，巧構(gòu)思，列要點(diǎn)，防遺漏。寫日記，同漢語;書信，通知格式要牢記。看清圖表細(xì)梳理，寫人記事按順序;完稿后查遺漏，整潔干凈莫忘記。

　　二、高考英語書面表達(dá)高分策略：

　　從遣詞，造句，謀篇三個方面分析。

　　1。遣詞的原則：

　　使用高等級詞匯及短語, 如果僅僅記住幾個簡單基礎(chǔ)的詞匯,而且一味的重復(fù)低水平的英語知識點(diǎn),還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒有達(dá)到大學(xué)的入學(xué)要求。這就要求考生在平時的訓(xùn)練和考試當(dāng)中，有意識的強(qiáng)化 “復(fù)雜，高級”這兩個概念，使自己的作文能力區(qū)別于普通學(xué)生的作文，使自己一下子就站在一個比別人高的位置上，充分顯示自己的實(shí)力。平時學(xué)習(xí)過程中注意總結(jié)各種各樣的詞匯。以描述人物的詞匯為例：

　　表達(dá)人物愛憎感情： like, love, be interested in, be fond of… hate, dislike, be tired of, lose interest in… happy, excited, pleased, satisfied, angry, sad, worried, disappointed, terrified, mad, frightened…

　　介紹人物的影響及人們對人的評價：

　　He became famous for his new theory.

　　The people had come to love him as an inspiring leader.

　　We regard Li Fei as our model. Lei Feng has been praised for his communist spirit.

　　People spoke highly of him and all respected him.

　　常見描述人物性格，外貌和身體狀況等的詞語 good-looking /funny-looking /strong-looking /ugly-looking /dirty-looking /ordinary-looking /blue-eyed /white-eyed /warm-hearted /light-hearted /kind-hearted /near-sighted /far-sighted /foolish /stupid /silly /clever /smart /wise /bright / diligent /intelligent /lazy /hard working, etc.

　　2。造句的原則：

　　句式多變，語法活用，句子是表達(dá)一個完整意思的最小當(dāng)位，所以造句能力在英文寫作中是非常重要的。好的英語句子能夠生動，形象，準(zhǔn)確的表達(dá)內(nèi)容。所以要想寫出漂亮的書面表達(dá)，必須從寫好句子開始。

　　英語基本句型及造句:

　　主語+謂語+狀語(介詞,名詞短語或從句)

　　The sun rises up in the east and sets in the west.

　　We get up early every morning.

　　The meeting lasted 2 hours.

　　主語+不及物動詞+副詞

　　This kind of wine drinks well and sells well.

　　The suit wears well. Glass breaks easily.

　　主語+謂語+介詞+賓語

We all agreed on the terms.

　　He hates to argue with his wife about such small matters.

　　All these things are to be answered for.

　　主語+系動詞+形容詞

Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.

　　He was so tired that he fell asleep the moment he went to bed.

　　Your explanation sounds reasonable.

　　主語+謂語+直接賓語

　　I want your promise.

　　Have your fixed my watch?

　　This factory produces 1000 cars a week.

　　主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語

　　He paid me a visit yesterday.

　　He owed me 50 yuan.

　　He wrote his family a letter yesterday.

　　主語+謂語+賓語+賓補(bǔ) (to do)

　　I will get someone to repair the recorder for you.

　　I didn’t mean to hurt you.

　　He invited me to teach at a well-known university.

　　主語+謂語+賓語+賓補(bǔ) (do)

　　I often hear her sing the song.

　　The boss made workers work 15 hours a day.

　　Don’t forget to have him come.

　　主語+謂語+現(xiàn)在分詞

　　I heard her singing in the next room.

　　We could feel our heats beating fast.

　　Did you observe the birds flying around the trees?

　　主語+謂語+過去分詞

　　I must have my watch repaired.

　　We must get he task finished on time.

　　Speak louder to make yourself understood by everybody.

　　主語+謂語+賓語(動名詞)

　　I suggested putting off the meeting.

　　They all avoided mentioning the matter.

　　We can’t help laughing at the news.

　　主語+謂語+賓語(不定式)

　　I can’t afford to buy such a large house.

　　Don’t pretend to know what you don’t.

　　He feared to speak in her presence.

　　主語+謂語+賓語(名詞/代詞)+介詞+賓語

　　Nothing can prevent us from going forward.

　　Thank you for your help.

　　He demanded an answer from me.

　　練習(xí)寫好句子的方法一：合并句子

　　It was early in the morning. Mr. Smith was in his garden. He was watering flowers. Early in the morning, Mr. Smith was watering flowers in his garden. A girl was crossing a road. The girl was pretty. The road was wide. A pretty girl was crossing a wide road.

　　寫好句子的方法二：改寫句子

　　1) Mr. Green is a tall man, who wears a pair of thick glasses. (改成介詞短語做伴隨狀語) 1) The book cost me 300 yuan. Mr. Green is a tall man with a pair of thick glasses.

　　2) The ice on the lake is too thin for us to skate on. (使用so…that…結(jié)構(gòu)改寫句子) The ice on the lake is so thin that we can’t skate on it.

　　練習(xí)方法三：一句多譯

　　這本書花了我300元。

　　I spent 300 yuan on the book. /I paid 300 yuan for the book. /The price of the book is 300 yuan. /It cost me 300 yuan to buy the book.

　　我不懂什么英語，李明也不懂。

　　I don’t know any English, nor does Li Ming./ I hardly know any English, nor does Li Ming. /I hardly know any English, neither does Li Ming. /I hardly know any English, no more does Li Ming. /I hardly know any English, so it is with Li Ming./ I know no more English than Li Ming does. /I know as little English as Li Ming does.

　　一到家，我就把所見到的一切都記了下來。

　　On/Upon arriving home, I wrote down everything I had seen./ As soon as I arrived home, I wrote down everything I had seen. /The moment I arrived home, I wrote down everything I had seen. /The instant I arrived home, I wrote down everything I had seen./ No sooner had I arrived home than I wrote down everything I had seen.

　　昨天下午他才來。

　　He came here yesterday afternoon. /He didn’t come here until yesterday afternoon. /Not until yesterday afternoon did he come here./ It was yesterday afternoon that he arrived here. /It was not until yesterday afternoon that he came here.

　　3。謀篇的原則：

　　滿分作文都有個共性就是有效地使用了語句間的連接成分，使全文結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。文章的連貫性和緊湊感是很重要的。句子作為最小的表達(dá)意思的語言當(dāng)位如果只是被隨意的整合，是無法達(dá)到有效表達(dá)的目的。常見的句子之間的連接手段有： 使用代詞指代上一句中的名詞 重復(fù)使用上一句中的詞 使用連接詞 使用平行結(jié)構(gòu)高考大綱中常用的連接詞:

　　表并列補(bǔ)充關(guān)系的: what is more, besides, also, as well, moreover, furthermore, in addition,

　　表轉(zhuǎn)折對比關(guān)系的: but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, although, different from, in contrast to, despite, in spite of, whereas, unlike, nevertheless, not only…but also, here…there, years ago…today, this…that, the former…the latter, then…now, the first…whereas the second, once…now, on the one hand…on the other hand, some…others,

　　表因果關(guān)系的: since, as, because (of), for, so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that,

　　表?xiàng)l件關(guān)系的: if, on the condition (that), as long as, unless, or else,

　　表時間關(guān)系的: when, after, before, until, as soon as, later, afterwards, soon, lately, recently, since, from then on, eventually, in the meantime, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early this morning/year/century, after an interval, now, after, presently, later, afterward, somewhat later, finally, at last, all of a sudden,

　　表特定的順序關(guān)系: above all, first of all, firstly, first, secondly, the , next, finally, in the end, at last, 表換一種方式表達(dá): in other words, that is to say, to put it another way,

　　表進(jìn)行舉例說明: for instance, for example, like, such as,

　　表陳述事實(shí): in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth

　　表總結(jié): on the whole, in short, all in all, general, in a word, in conclusion, in closing, in summary. 等等。

　　還有分詞短語、復(fù)合句等。特別要注意謂語用什么基本時態(tài)以及前后的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)，注意句子與句子之間的有機(jī)聯(lián)系，段落與段落之間的自然過渡。這樣既能顯示出你的高中水平，又能使文章層次清楚，文理通順、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)密緊湊，銜接自然。這樣只要要點(diǎn)全，準(zhǔn)確無誤，語句通順流暢那就是高水平、高檔次的作文。

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