高考英語作文備考：常用詞匯
正確表達
之所以說作文是綜合水平的體現，是因為考生的知識水平、熟練程度、理解深度到底如何，只有作文能夠檢驗出來。單詞背得多的，文章讀得多，在西方文化里浸泡的時間長的，寫出來的文章會脫穎而出。
雖然這方面的水平的提高是只能是長時間努力的結果，但是熟練掌握高考作文時常涉及的各類詞匯，各類表達方式是事半功倍的。
詞匯及其使用
許多學生因為詞匯量的匱乏無法表達題目所要求的內容，而平時博覽群書的考生就不會對文章所涉及的領域感到陌生。對一般考生來說，高考大綱上的詞匯必須全部掌握。因為課內的單詞如果能熟練的運用，就不會出現沒米下鍋的情況。
詞匯擴充
我們在這里僅對有限的幾個領域的詞匯提供一些參考，都是需要學生能夠靈活駕馭的詞匯，此處由于篇幅考慮不做注釋和用法講解：
領域
名詞性
形容詞性
動詞，動詞短語
學校
Campus, facilities, theme, goal, preference, course, routine,
passionate, enthusiastic, ambitious, confident, easygoing, boring
participate, concentrate, focus, attract, distract,
inspire, sit up all night,
課外
Interview, community service, part-time job, pocket money, spare time,
tempting, popular, challenging, corrupted,
Volunteer, waste time in, relax, get away from,
社會現象
policy, atmosphere, dialogue, beauty, civilization, culture, nutrition, housing
privacy, standard
Skin deep, superficial, stylish, fashionable, common, effective, determined,
represent, lead, direct, have a positive/negative effect on, affect the lives of, spare no efforts to, turn sth. into reality, take much action to, take measures to,
經濟
progress, growth, prosperity, luxury, biotechnology, income,
increasing, Optimistic, pessimistic, financial, rapid
decrease, boom, continue, come to a stop, get laid off, encourage flourish,
環境
coast, climate, atmosphere, species,
Environmental, ecological, endangered,
Pollute, protect, preserve, establish,
城市
subway, tunnels, skyscrapers, suspension bridges, theatres,
Crowded, in harmony, private,
Construct, rebuild, relocate, tear down, flood, blueprint,
詞匯用法
作文是對考生對詞匯用法掌握程度的最有效測試。
很多考生死記硬背了學多單詞，但是沒有搞動每一個詞的用法和搭配，實際上等于只能認讀該詞，并沒有真正的學會。想寫出好的作文要在此地用法上好好下一番功夫。
以 Make、get的搭配和動詞短語為例來示范一下一個單詞應該掌握到什么程度：
Make “做，制造”
一些搭配：
make tea 沏茶
make bed 鋪床
make suggestion 提建議
make faces做鬼臉
動詞短語：
1. make it 成功，實現
We were surprised that he made it at last.
2. make sense 有道理
Does your sentence make sense?
3. make the most of 充分利用
It is wise to make the most of the weekend.
還有make friends with交朋友, make a fool of sb.開某人的玩笑， make room for sb.騰地方給某人，make way讓路，make (full)use of 充分利用；等等
注意，make up有五種常用意義，分別是：
1組成；2化妝；3編造；4和解；5彌補。
注意理解下面一篇小文：
My family is made up of my parents and me. Mom, quite into her own look, makes up 5 times a day. When asked how she looks, Dad usually makes up some lies. But sometimes mom can tell and have fight with dad. Soon afterward they will make up, because dad always makes up for her by doing some chores.
Get “取得，成為”
1. get (the message) across 傳達
The teacher got his idea across to student by drawing a picture.
2. get ahead of 領先
If you want to get ahead of others, work harder.
3. get away from 遠離
I wish I could get away from school.
4. get away with 被放過，不受懲罰
You can never get away with cheating.
5. get on with 相處
The twins get on well with each other.
6. get by 湊合，勉強維持
The cats cannot get by without food in winter.
7. get hold of 抓住，得到
I didn’t get hold of the question in the test.
8. get into/out of the habit 養成/改掉習慣
It takes nothing to get into a bad habit, but take a lot of things to get out of it.
9. get over 克服(情緒)，從……恢復
I haven’t never gotten over from the shock that I failed the mid-term exam.
10. get rid of 擺脫
I just want to get rid of the bad moods.
句型
在深刻理解了英語作文的幾種篇章結構以后，根據不同文章題材的需要，正確靈活的使用各種句型。那么就能在文章中寫出閃光的句子，使行文自然流暢，條理清晰。
2001年的上海高考考題要求我們使用第二(現象-影響-建議)論述結構，其中就有一些句型結構可以根據情況靈活使用。
1. 現象描述句
Recently, with the rapid development of industry ….
In few recent years, there is a sudden increase in…
A great change has taken places everywhere in the past few decades…
2. 影響分析句
There are a number of effect of…, the 1st…2nd….3…
It may cause serious consequences
It will give rise to a lot of problems
3. 建議句
It would be wise to… if we want to…
How can we… without…
The most effective way to solve these problems is…
這些句型中的詞匯可以根據題目要求的題材不同進行更替，要在服務于中心的前提下適當地使用它們。不能言過其實，或是與題目內容背道而馳。
要做到這一點，需要考生良好的詞匯功底和對這些句式的熟練掌握。
連貫
連貫是對每一位考生最需要學習的內容。漢語和英語作文的最大區別盡顯于此。
漢語作文中所需要邏輯符號遠遠少于英語作文，主要的原因是兩種文化中的閱讀和表達習慣不同。英語文章需要大量的連接詞，用于表達句與句之間的邏輯關系，因而考生應對這些詞匯有著深刻了解。
每一個由主、謂、賓等成分組成的完整句和下一個完整句之間應該有著意義上的關系。要讓文章連貫，只需突出這些“意義上的關系”。具體做法可以有：
1. 補充邏輯功能詞
2. 關系代詞聯系法
3. 從句聯系法
首先來講講邏輯功能詞，是指聯系一個意群和相鄰的一個意群的短語或單詞。
這種方法是所有英語作文里必須的，也是最常見的。我們在這里不去贅述常見的連詞和表達方式，對大家的邏輯功能詞進行擴充，用法會在以后的課堂中進行講解。
邏輯功能詞擴充
次序
first, second, third, first and foremost, last but not least.
原因和理由
consequently, therefore, hence, thus, as a result of,owing to this, on account of this.
目的
in order to, so as to, so that, for the purpose of
補充
not only… but also, furthermore, in addition, moreover, what’s more, besides, as well (as),
強調和重申
above all, in fact, in particular, particularly, most importantly, especially, that is to say, in other word
對比和轉折
on one hand… on the other hand, in contrast with, whereas，on the contrary
讓步
however, nevertheless, yet, despite this,
總述和收尾
all in all, in a word, in summary, in conclusion, to sum up， on the whole,
其次是關系代詞聯系法。當我們在第一句提到一個事物的時候，下一句要繼續圍繞著這個事物的一個相關事物進行寫作，而不宜另起爐灶寫一個毫無關系事物。常用的詞除了it, he, she, that, 還有描述方式和程度的 so, such 等等。比如 He usually has his dinner quite late. Such habit makes him fatter and fatter.
最后是從句聯系法。顧名思義從句聯系法就是利用定語從句將描述性的幾個句子結合到一個句子里，比如 The campus of our school is so beautiful that whoever visiting the city will come to our school for sightseeing.
更多 高考英語作文、高考英語作文萬能模板、高考英語作文模板、高考英語作文萬能句子、高考英語滿分作文、高考英語作文范文，請繼續關注 英語作文大全
萬能模板本文地址：http://www.hengchuai.cn/writing/englishtest/gaokao/34880.html
