9

　　At the beginning of the twentieth century, many people thought that the American family was falling apart. A century later, we know that this was not the case. However, although the family is still alive in the United States, its size and shape were very different 100 years ago.

　　In the late 1800s and early 1900s, there were mainly two types of families in the United States: the extended and the nuclear. The extended family usually includes grandparents, parents, and children living under the same roof. The nuclear family consists of only parents and children.

　　Today there are many different kinds of families. Some people live in “traditional” families, that is, a stay-home mother, a working father, and their own biological children. Others live in two-paycheck families, single-parent families, adoptive or foster, families, blended families (where men and women who were married before marry again and combine the children from previous marriages into the new families），child less families, and so on.
在第二十世紀初，許多人認為美國家庭正在崩潰。一個世紀后，我們知道，這不是個案。然而，盡管這個家庭在美國還活著，但它的大小和形狀在100年前是很不一樣的。

19世紀末20世紀初，美國有主要的家庭兩類：擴展和核。大家庭通常包括祖父母、父母和孩子在同一屋檐下生活。核心家庭由父母和孩子組成。

今天有許多不同種類的家庭。有些人生活在“傳統”的家庭，即一個呆在家里的母親，一個工作的父親，和他們自己的親生孩子。另一些人則生活在家庭、單親家庭、收養或撫養、家庭、混合家庭（在結婚前結婚的男女，并將子女從以前的婚姻中結合到新家庭）、子女家庭等等。

　　What caused the structure of the family to change? In the early 1900s the birthrate began to fall and the porce rate began to rise. Women were suddenly choosing to go to college and take jobs outside the home. In the 1930s and 1940s, many families faced serious financial, or money problems during the Great Depression, when many people lost their jobs. During World War II（1939-1945)，5 million women were left alone to take care of their homes and their children. Because many men were at war, thousands of these "war widows" had to go to work outside their home.

　　During the next ten years, the situation changed. There were fewer porces, and people married at a younger age and had more children than the previous generation. It was unusual for a mother to work outside the home during the years when her children were growing tip. Families began leaving cities and moving into single-family homes in the suburbs. The traditional family seemed to be returning.
是什么導致了家庭結構的變化？在本世紀初，出生率開始下降，離婚率開始上升。女性突然選擇上大學，在家外打工。在20世紀30年代和40年代，許多家庭在大蕭條時期都面臨著嚴重的財政或金錢問題，許多人失業了。二戰期間（1939-1945），5000000名婦女被單獨留下來照顧他們的家庭和他們的孩子。因為許多人在戰爭中，成千上萬的這些“戰爭寡婦”不得不去外面工作，他們的家。

在接下來的十年里，形勢發生了變化。有更少的離婚和結婚的人，在年輕的時候，有更多的兒童比上一代。母親在孩子們成長的過程中在外工作，這是不尋常的。家庭開始離開城市搬到郊區的單戶住宅。傳統家庭似乎還在回歸。

　　In the years between 1960s and 1990s, there were many important changes in the structure of the family. From the 1960s to the early 1970s, the porce rate doubled and the birthrate fell by half. The number of single-parent families tripled, and the number of couples living together without being married doubled again. In fact, the single-parent household, once unusual, has replaced the "traditional" family as the typical family in the States. If we can judge from history, however, this will probably change again in the twenty-first century.

　　The Changes of the American Family
在20世紀60年代和90年代之間，家庭結構發生了許多重大變化。從60年代到70年代初，離婚率翻了一番，出生率下降了一半。單親家庭的數量翻了三倍，夫妻生活在一起的夫妻數量又一次又一次。事實上，單親家庭，一旦不尋常，已取代了傳統的“傳統”家庭為典型的家庭在美國。但是，如果我們能從歷史上判斷，這可能會在第二十一世紀發生改變。

美國家庭的變化

Main comparisons

Contexts

Different___1____

There were two __2___ types of families in the past, ___3____, the extended and the nuclear.

Nowadays __4___types of families can be seen than before.

Changes in different ___5_____.

In the 1900s and 1940s

Many of the women had to work outside due to the __6___of money., thus causing the fall of __7__and the rise of porce rate.

In the 1950s

Divorce rate slided and there were more children . The families tended to be ___8___ again.

In the years between 1960s and 1990s

Different types of familes__9____. Traditional families are no longer the typical ones in America.

A trend worth noting

Author’s opinion on changes

The present structure is ___10____; it will experience changes again in the near future.

　　1. kinds/ types 2. main 3. namely 4. more 5.periods 6. lack 7. birthrate 8. fewer 9. occurred 10. temporary

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家庭Family