今天看到央視主持張泉靈辭職轉向創投行業的消息，她說人生時不時的像是被困在玻璃缸里的，久了便習慣了一種自圓其說的邏輯。小站老師認為，很多考生在雅思寫作的時候也常常陷入中式思維邏輯中不能自拔，導致分數很難提高。本文總結了考生的常見問題，全部由雅思考官來為大家講解，希望讓大家對寫作有新的認識。

問題列表：

1.Q:雅思大作文都有哪些類型?不同類型的題目應該如何組織段落結構？

2.Q:開始寫作文的時候思考順序是怎么的？

3.Q: 學生問，I am confused about the question "Do the advantages outweigh

4.Q: Firstly, Secondly, Finally這樣的單詞用多了好嗎？

5.Q:如何規劃寫作時間？

6.Q:平時練習寫作可以參考的TOPIC LIST有嗎？

7.Q: Is there any specific study order that you recommend?

8.Q:如何充分利用雅思考官的作文？

9.Q:表示“總結”的詞組哪些能用哪些不能用？

10.Q:雅思寫作大作文評分標準分別是什么？每一項所占的分數比重是多少？

1.Q:雅思大作文都有哪些類型?不同類型的題目應該如何組織段落結構？

A:Here are the four types of question:

1. Opinion

2. Discussion + opinion

3. Problem + solution

4. 2-part question

針對不同類型，大家需要記住的要點是：

1. An 'opinion' question asks for your view, not the views of other people, and you don't have to give both sides of the argument. Just make your opinion clear in the introduction, then explain it in the rest of the essay.

Opinion類是詢問你的觀點，而不是其他人的觀點，所以你不必給出雙方論據。只需在Introduction段落中澄清自己的觀點，然后在后面解釋就可以了。

2. A 'discussion' question requires you to write about both sides of the argument, and you should write a similar amount for each view. If the question also asks for your opinion, you don't need an extra paragraph. Just make it clear in the introduction and conclusion which of the two views you agree with.

Discussion類要求你寫出雙方觀點，雙方字數相近，不要偏頗。如果問題中有征詢你的意見，你無需另起一段，只需在首尾段中陳述即可。

3. Type 3 is easy. Simply write a paragraph explaining the problem(s) and a paragraph explaining the solution(s). Some questions ask about 'causes' or 'effects': these would be part of the 'problem' paragraph.

Problem+Solution類很簡單。主體段落只需一段解釋問題一段給出解決方案即可。有些問題會問到“起因”或“影響”，這些只需寫進“problem”段落。

4. For type 4, just answer the two questions. Write one paragraph about each.

2-part question類，只需主體段每段各回答一個問題即可。

2.Q:開始寫作文的時候思考順序是怎么的？

A:以下是他的思考步驟：

1. I read the question very carefully, maybe three times. I ask myself "What's the topic? What is the question asking me to write about?"(我會非常仔細地讀問題，讀上三遍，并自問“topic是什么，這個問題讓我寫什么內容？”)

2. I underline the key things that must be included in the essay. I always answer every part of the question.(我會畫出重點部分，不會忽視任何一部分的問題)

3. Now I think about my 4 paragraph structure. I can write any type of essay in 4 paragraphs; I just need to decide what to put in each paragraph.(現在我思考我的4段式結構——此結構適用于任何類型的大作文，我只需考慮每段放哪些內容即可)

4. If I need to give my opinion, I think "What is the easiest opinion to explain? What good vocabulary could I use?"(如果我需要給出自己的意見，我會想“什么樣的意見是最好解釋的？我能用哪些高級詞匯？”)

5. Then I write down some vocabulary ideas that are related to the topic.(然后我寫下一些和topic相關的詞匯)

6. I try to write 2 sentences for the introduction: I introduce the topic, then give a simple answer (including my opinion if the question asks for it).(我試著為Introduction段寫兩句話，引進主題，給出答案，如需要會給出自己的意見)

7. I write short 'topic sentences' to start each paragraph, then develop my ideas by explaining and supporting with examples.(我寫主題句引出每個段落，然后通過解釋和舉例來延伸觀點)

8. I look at the question from time to time in order to check that I'm answering every part of it.(我不時看一遍問題為了確?；卮鹆嗣恳粋€部分)

9. I know that I write about 10 words per line; I can quickly check the approximate number of words that I've written.(我知道我每句寫10個單詞，我能快速計算出我大概寫的字數)

10. If I need more words (to reach 250), I expand one of my examples in the main body paragraphs. If necessary, I draw an arrow to show where I want to add the extra words.(如果我需要寫到250字，我會擴展主體段中的例子。如有必須，我畫個箭頭標記我想插入內容的位置)

3.Q: 學生問，I am confused about the question "Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?". Is this an opinion question or discussion + opinion question?

A:之前我們有講過Simon把文章分成四大類，不同類型的作文其段落內容是不同的，所以有學生問了，像這種問法的作文是屬于哪個類型的。以下是Simon的回答：

Strictly speaking, "Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?" is asking for your opinion (do you think there are more advantages or disadvantages?). Technically, you could give a one-sided "opinion" answer e.g. you could argue that there are many advantages and almost no disadvantages.

However, I think the examiner would expect and prefer to see a balanced discussion of both sides as well as your opinion. Therefore, I think it's best (and easiest) to write a discussion + opinion essay.

4.Q: Firstly, Secondly, Finally這樣的單詞用多了好嗎？

A:Simon是這樣回答的，It's best not to use "Firstly, Secondly, Finally" twice in one essay. If we wanted to write a second main paragraph with three ideas, what could we used instead of "Firstly, Secondly, Finally" to organise them?

也就是說，這組詞最好不要用兩次。那么有什么能替代它們呢?然后Simon寫了一個Example，讓大家找一下他用了哪些詞語替換的這組順序詞：

Three main factors are affecting health in modern societies. One problem is the lack of awareness among many people of the negative consequences of an unhealthy diet. This is made worse by the prevalence of fast food and processed food, which are full of fat, salt and sugar. Another key factor is the changing trend in lifestyles. For example, children’s hobbies now involve much less outdoor activity, and adults are less active as jobs have shifted towards sedentary office work instead of manual labour. In addition to this, time-saving technologies, such as cars, elevators, dishwashers and washing machines, have made people lazier.

Simon寫得這段完全沒有用到Firstly，Secondly，Finally，但是整個敘事邏輯有序，原因就是他第一句就表明有three main factors。介紹這三個因素的時候依次用one problem is…another key fator is…in addition to this…來表達，連貫清晰，大家可以充分借鑒，避免過多重復。

5.Q:如何規劃寫作時間？

A: You have 40 minutes for writing task 2, and I suggest that you:

· Spend the first 10 minutes planning your essay structure and brainstorming ideas for the two main body paragraphs.

· Spend 5 minutes writing your 2-sentence introduction.

· Spend 20 minutes on the main body (10 minutes for each paragraph).

· Spend the last 5 minutes writing your conclusion and checking everything.

6.Q:平時練習寫作可以參考的TOPIC LIST有嗎？

A:

1. Advertising

2. Animal Rights: testing on animals, vegetarianism, zoos

3. Cities: urbanisation, problems of city life

4. Crime: police, punishments/prisons, rehabilitation, capital punishment

5. Education: studying abroad, technology in education, education in developing countries, higher education, home-schooling, bad behaviour, corporal punishment, single sex education, streaming (grouping children according to ability)

6. Environment: global warming, impact of humans on the environment, solutions to environment problems, waste/rubbish, litter, recycling, nuclear power

7. Family: family size, working parents, negative effects on children, divorce, care for old people

8. Gender: gender and education, gender and work, women’s and men’s role in the family

9. Genetic Engineering: positives, negatives, genetically modified foods

10. Global Issues: problems in developing countries, how to help developing countries, immigration, multi-cultural societies, globalisation

11. Government and Society: what governments can do, public services, censorship, video cameras in public places

12. Guns and Weapons: gun ownership and possession, police and guns, nuclear weapons, armed forces

13. Health: diet, exercise, state health systems, private healthcare, alternative medicine, stress

14. Housing and Architecture: state housing, old buildings, modern/green buildings

15. International Language: English as an international language

16. Money: money and society, consumerism

17. Personal Development: happiness, success, nature or nurture

18. Sport and Leisure: professional/competitive sport, sport salaries, sport and politics

19. Tourism: positives, negative effects on environment, future of tourism

20. Traditions and Modern Life: losing traditional skills, traditional customs

21. Transport: traffic problems and solutions, public transport, road safety

22. Television, Internet and Mobile Phones: positives and negatives, Internet compared to newspapers and books

23. Water: importance of clean water, water supply, water should be free, bottled water

24. Work: same job for life, self-employment, unemployment, work/life balance, technology and work, child labour

7.Q: Is there any specific study order that you recommend?

A: 1. Essay structure and paragraphs

The first thing to do is find an essay structure that works for you. You probably know that I prefer to write 4 paragraphs, and maybe you've seen how I write 2-sentence introductions, 5-sentence main paragraphs and 1-sentence conclusions. Try this: take some essays that you have already written, and rewrite them so that they all have the same number of paragraphs and sentences.

首先要想好文章的Structure。Simon喜歡寫4段式——開頭兩句，主體段落各五句，結尾一句。大家可以嘗試將之前寫好的作文都重新寫成這種結構。

2. Question types

You need to see examples of the four question types, and make sure you know how to answer each type using your preferred essay structure.

平時多看大作文四種類型的范文，針對題目類型，選用合適的Structure。

3. Planning, and isolated paragraph practice

Take several different questions, and practise planning ideas. Then spend some time focusing only on introductions e.g. write an introduction for five different questions. Then do the same with conclusions. Then try writing different types of main paragraph e.g. an 'advantages' paragraph, an 'opinion' paragraph, a 'problem' paragraph etc.

選一些題目，練習planning ideas.比如可以寫五篇不同題目的introduction，或者寫不同類型題目的主體段落。

4. Topic ideas

When you are confident that you know how to write an essay, it's time to start working through as many common IELTS writing topics as possible. Even if you don't write a full essay for each topic, you should at least plan some ideas and opinions.

當你足夠自信到知道如何寫文章的時候，你就可以盡可能多地寫各種不同題材的常見寫作題目。參考見上個問題

5. Mistakes, corrections and improvements

Try to find someone who can check your writing, highlight and explain your mistakes, and show you how to improve your essays.

找個能幫你檢查作文的小伙伴，能指出錯誤并告訴你如何改善。

8.Q:如何充分利用雅思考官的作文？

A: Try this exercise using my essay :

1. Read the essay and make sure you understand it.

2. Read it again slowly, and make notes on a separate piece of paper. Just write the main idea or key words from each sentence (there are only 13 sentences in the whole essay).

3. Hide my essay, and try to rewrite it using only your notes. Don't try to memorise the essay exactly as I wrote it; the aim is to see if you can write a similar essay using the same key ideas.

4. Compare your essay with mine. Did you write the same number of sentences? Did you include the same key vocabulary? Did you use the vocabulary correctly? Does your essay 'flow' as well as mine does?

You can learn a lot by doing this exercise.

9.Q:表示“總結”的詞組哪些能用哪些不能用？

A：When writing a conclusion for task 2, I always start with the words "In conclusion". There's no reason why you should learn any alternatives.

Here are some phrases that I would not use:

1. All things considered

2. To sum up

3. In summary

4. To summarize

5. In short

6. In a nutshell

7. To put it in a nutshell

Note:

Phrases 1 to 5 are acceptable, but I still wouldn't use them myself.

Don't use any phrase containing the word "nutshell". 6 and 7 are not appropriate for an academic essay.

10.Q:雅思寫作大作文評分標準分別是什么?每一項所占的分數比重是多少？

A: Here's a simplified version of the marking system for IELTS writing:

Note:

I tell my students that the fastest way to improve their scores is by focusing on 'task response' and 'lexical resource'. You do this by explaining your ideas / views in more detail.

從上就是小站老師為大家整理的雅思考官對于雅思寫作大作文常見問題的解答，希望大家都能打破思維定勢，寫出高分作文！

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