寫作題目

　　Should governments spend more money in improving roads and highways, or should governments spend more money in improving public transportation (buses, trains, subways)? Why? Use speci c reasons and details to write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.

　　In the rst part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.

　　Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks .

　　寫作思路

　　道路擁堵問題是當(dāng)前一大社會(huì)難題，要解決這一難題，擺在政府面前有兩種選擇，一種是大力發(fā)展公共交通，另一種則是修建或改善更多的道路。可見，這是一道兩種觀點(diǎn)二選一的題 目。與同類型的題目一樣，我們需要一開始就定好自己的立場(chǎng)，然后再結(jié)合各種論證方式進(jìn)行論證。如果我們認(rèn)為大力發(fā)展公共交通是一條可行的辦法，那么在正文中就可以一一介紹公共交通的優(yōu)勢(shì)，如緩解擁堵、減少污染、降低出行成本等。切不可將兩種方式的優(yōu)點(diǎn)一一羅列，最后得出這樣的結(jié)論：政府需要考慮權(quán)衡兩者的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，做一個(gè)合理的決定！

　　范文

　　Highways or Public Transportation

　　Should governments spend more money in improving roads and highways or in improving public transportation? There seems to be a difficult problem since many reasons should be involved. However, after carefully pondering, I buttress spending the money in improving public transportation. The reasons are presented below:

　　There is no denying that improving public transportation will surely alleviate the pollution caused by numerous cars. If a city has not a developed public transportation, the air will be polluted more heavily. What a dirty environment we will live in! Breathing in the air lled with the flavor of the gasoline, seeing the sky with the dull color will be the title of our daily life. Fortunately, the essence of environment has been realized by an increasingly number of people. To the governments, the protection of environment is especially an undeniable mission.

　　Another reason I agree with is that developed public transportation will decrease the frequency of traf c jams. Perhaps no worse word than “traf c jams” exists, to the businessmen who believe in “time is money”. Traf c jams not only cost people the time and expenses, but also create a bad mood for work. It greatly decreases the ef ciency of the whole city. How a city whose avenues are full of traf c jams can develop its economy.

　　Finally, I want to say that improving public transportation provides ways of transportation for most of poor people who cannot afford to buy a car. It is known that our citizens are not made of people who have the ability to own a car, only I believe that no matter how advanced our society will be, the public apparatus should never be ignored, because it serves people all over the city.

　　Nevertheless, private transportation has its own advantages. For instance, it can save a lot of time in some cases, and provide some conveniences for people. But improving roads and highways is advantageous only conditionally . Based in the above discussion, I agree with the opinion that governments should spend money in improving public transportation because it can not only protect environment and save time for people, but also create a convenient environment for all the citizens.

　　亮點(diǎn)回放

　　★用詞亮點(diǎn)

　　buttress ：支持

　　alleviate ：緩解

　　apparatus ：機(jī)構(gòu) ，組織

　　conditionally ：有條件地

　　★句式亮點(diǎn)

　　There is no denying that improving public transportation will surely alleviate the pollution caused by numerous cars.

　　本句以“There is no denying that...”開頭，與句中的surely一詞相呼應(yīng)，表明作者強(qiáng)烈的肯定語氣。本句句意為：毋庸置疑，改善公共交通肯定能緩解大量汽車所造成的污染。

　　Breathing in the air filled with the flavor of the gasoline, seeing the sky with the dull color will be the title of our daily life.

　　本句的主語由兩個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的、成并列關(guān)系的動(dòng)名詞短語構(gòu)成。一般來講，英語句子會(huì)采用“尾重”的結(jié)構(gòu)，即主語短小精悍，而將較長(zhǎng)的短語置于句末。在本句中，作者之所以打破這一傳統(tǒng)的句子模式，目的就在于強(qiáng)調(diào)位于主語位置的這兩個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語，凸顯不注重發(fā)展公共交通對(duì)環(huán)境造成的破壞。本句句意為：呼吸充滿汽油味的空氣、仰望渾濁的天空將成為我們每天生活的主題 。

　　★篇章亮點(diǎn)

　　本文以設(shè)問句開篇，直截了當(dāng)，引人矚目。第一段的最后一句“The reasons are presented below.”暗示了全文的結(jié)構(gòu) ，即接下來主體部分將就為何發(fā)展公共交通更為重要提出幾點(diǎn)理由。作者在論證部分主要采用了說理論證和因果論證的方法，邏輯性強(qiáng)，論證充分有力，讓人信服。本文的結(jié)尾部分是一大亮點(diǎn)。與一般總結(jié)性結(jié)尾不同，作者先介紹了反方的觀點(diǎn)，即修建改善道路的好處；接著馬上對(duì)此進(jìn)行反駁，指出修建改善道路所帶來的好處是有條件的；最后，作者呼吁政府大力發(fā)展公共交通，因?yàn)檫@不僅可以保護(hù)環(huán)境、節(jié)省時(shí)間，還可以為所有市民創(chuàng)建便捷的環(huán)境。這樣的結(jié)尾先抑后揚(yáng)，使整篇文章的內(nèi)容更為充實(shí)，論證更為有力 。

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