孰優(yōu)孰劣：要分?jǐn)?shù)還是要能力？

【內(nèi)容提示】

當(dāng)前，應(yīng)試教育和素質(zhì)教育是教育界討論的熱點(diǎn)話題。前者的目的是取得高分，考入高一級(jí)學(xué)校；后者的目的是全面發(fā)展，取得能力而適應(yīng)社會(huì)的需要。目的不同，方法也不同，結(jié)果也就不同。在應(yīng)試教育的思想指導(dǎo)下，教學(xué)的方法是填鴨式，教師硬灌，學(xué)生硬背，考不上大學(xué)就什么也不會(huì)做了。而在素質(zhì)教育的思想指導(dǎo)下，教學(xué)方法是靈活多樣的，把書本知識(shí)化為實(shí)踐技能，學(xué)生考不上大學(xué)也能從事各種工作。請(qǐng)你就這一問題寫一篇文章，比較二者的優(yōu)劣。下列詞語(yǔ)供參考： 1．cramming-duck hand填鴨式手段 2．flexible and varied measures靈活多變的措施

【作文示范】

Which Is Better: To Get Scores or To Get Abilities?

When asked such a question: Which is better, to get scores or to get abilities, many students＇ answer like mine would be that to get abilities is better than to get scores. To make it clear, we have to compare the both sides.

Two different aims lead to two different methods and two different results. If we are eager to get good marks, our teachers would take a cramming-duck hand to force us to do much hard work. We have to learn by heart a lot of lifeless knowledge. We have to recite many many poems and texts. We have to carry a heavy school-bag. We have to do much homework after school. All of what we do is merely for a single purpose----to pass examinations. As a result we cannot enjoy any thing. We have no free time. We have no holidays. We have no games and plays. We have no pleasure. We have no childhood. In the end we have no skills or capabilities① except some dead knowledge from books. We are not able to wash our clothes. We are not able to cook meals. We are not able to labour in the fields. We are not able to operate machines in the factories. In a word we cannot do any practical work.

On the other hand, if we intend to gain abilities, our teachers will take flexible and varied measures in their teaching practice. They will provide for all the students chances to share equal education and we students are supposed to enjoy all-round② development. While we learn knowledge from books, we are showed how to use computers, how to make a radio or recorder, how to make experiments and researches in sciences; how to play the piano or violin, how to sing or dance, how to draw or paint pictures and portraits; how to prepare a dish or how to make bread; how to plant trees and grass, how to go in for farming by means of scientific methods; how to do business and how to keep in touch with others. All in all, we can play an active part in our studies. At last we will master not only book knowledge, but also the other three abilities----living ability, working ability and mabageable③ ability. Thus, we will serve the people better.

By comparing the two ideas, we can come to a close that the purpose to get scores is far worse than the aim to get vanous abilities. Only when we know well both scientific knowledge and practical skills, can we live happily and work wonderfully in the society in the coming future.

【詞語(yǔ)解釋】

①capability[?keip ＇bil ti] n．能力；才能

②all-round[＇&:l＇raund] a．全面的；才能多方面的

③manageable[＇m$nidN bl] a．可以設(shè)法的；應(yīng)變的

【寫法指要】

1）本文是對(duì)應(yīng)試教育和素質(zhì)教育的優(yōu)劣對(duì)比。通過比較作者最后的結(jié)論是：素質(zhì)教育優(yōu)于應(yīng)試教育。全文分四個(gè)自然段，第一段提出篇題，第二段寫應(yīng)試教育的目的、方法和結(jié)果，第三段與第二段相對(duì)，寫素質(zhì)教育的目的、方法和結(jié)果，第四段是結(jié)論段。

2）本文句法的突出特點(diǎn)是對(duì)平行句式的使用。第二段分別用“We have to…”，“We have no…”，“We are not able to….”平行句說明了應(yīng)試教育的手段和后果；第三段用五組“… how to….”平行句式強(qiáng)調(diào)了全面發(fā)展的內(nèi)容。這樣做，增強(qiáng)了對(duì)比的效果。

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