高考英語寫作從句子成分入手
高考英語寫作從句子成分入手
英語寫作技能步步高（一）句子主要成分：主語、謂語、賓語寫作離不開句子，要寫好英語句子，首先要了解英語的句子由哪些成分構成，能充當這些成分的各是什么詞？
句子的組成部分分為：主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語，其中主語與謂語是主要成分，一般不可缺少；其他成分可根據具體的句子加以選擇。本單元主要復習句子的主要成分：主語、謂語、賓語。
一、 主語句子的主體，表示句子所說的是誰或是什么。
練習：請找出下列句子的主語并指出什么（詞，短語或句子）可以充當主語。
1. The boy comes from Amierican.
2. He usually wenti to school alone.
3. Studying English is every important.
4. To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary.
5. That he won the prize excited everyone.
6. It is important for us to have our dreams.
7. It is obvious that he was wrong.
8. It is no use crying over spilt milk.
歸納：主語一般由名詞、_______,或者相當于名詞的詞、短語或從句充當（包括_____,______還有_______）。另外，當句子的主語為_______,_________或_________時，主語部分太長，為使句子平衡，避免頭重腳輕，常用it作形式主語。
二、謂語說明主語動作、狀態或特征，由動詞或動詞詞組充當。除了倒裝等情況外，謂語總是位于主語的后面。既句子最主要的兩大成分位置是：主語 謂語。
動詞分為實義動詞、連系動詞、情態動詞和助動詞。實義動詞單獨作謂語，連系動詞與表語一起構成謂語，情態動詞與動詞原形構成合成謂語，助動詞與動詞的適當形式（如：原形、現在分詞、過去分詞）共同構成謂語部分。
注意：謂語與主語在人稱和數方面要相互照應。
練習：請找出下列句子的謂語并指出謂語的構成：是實義動詞、連系動詞+表語、情態動詞+動詞的原形還是助動詞+動詞的適當形式？
1. His parents are teachers.
2. The sun rises in the east.
3. We have finished reading the book.
4. You ought to work harder.
5. I felt cold.
6. He doesn't like music.
三、 賓語表示動作的對象，跟主語的性質差不多。一般由名詞、賓格代詞（me ，he等）或者相當于名詞的詞、短語或從句充當（包括不定式、動名詞還有賓語從句）。賓語可分為直接賓語和間接賓語說明動作是對誰或為誰而做，直接賓語則是動作的承受著或結果。一般情況下，賓語都是在動詞的后面， 它的順序是：主語 謂語 賓語練習：請找出下列句子的賓語并指出充當賓語的詞（是名詞、賓格代詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式、動名詞還是賓語從句）？
1. He has never met her in person.
2. She handed him a book.
3. He likes to play basketball.
4. We enjoy listening to the music.
5. She said that she felt sick.
6. They sent the injured to hospital.
7. I find it possible to believe her any longer.
8. We consider it no good getting up late.
9. They believed it strange that he should have done that.
注意：當句子的賓語為_________、______、或_______時，常用形式賓語it，以保持句子的平衡。
答案：一、主語1. The boy 名詞 2.He 代詞 3. Studying English動名詞 4.To teach him a lesson不定式5．That he won the prize主語從句 6.it 形式主語，to have our dreams 不定式短語作真正主語 7.it 形式主語， that he was wrong 主語從句作真正的主語 8. it 形式主語 crying over spilt milk動名詞短語做主語二、謂語1. His parents are teachers.系動詞+表語2.The sun rises in the east.實義動詞3.We have finished reading the book.
4.You ought to work harder.情態動詞+動詞原形5.I felt cold.系動詞+表語6.He doesn't like music.助動詞+動詞原形三、賓語1. He has never met her in person.賓格代詞2.She handed him a book. Him賓格代詞做間接賓語，a book名詞作直接賓語3．He likes to play basketball.不定式短語4．We enjoy listening to the music.動名詞短語5．She said that she felt sick.賓語從句6．They sent the injured to hospital.名詞化的形容詞7．I find it possible to believe her any longer. It形式賓語 不定式作真正的賓語8．We consider it no good getting up late. It形式賓語，動名詞作真正的賓語9．They believed it strange that he should have done that. It形式賓語，賓語從句做真正的賓語
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