24. Turning Your Eyes to China

24. 把目光投向中國（溫家寶在哈佛大學演講）

As we all know, in the history of mankind, there appeared the Mesopotamian civilization in West Asia, the ancient Egyptian civilization along the Nile in North Africa, the ancient Greek-Roman civilization along the northern bank of the Mediterranean, the ancient Indian civilization in the Indus River Valley in South Asia, and the Chinese civilization originating in the Yellow and Yangtze river valleys. Owing to earthquake, flood, plague or famine, or to alien invasion or internal turmoil, some of these ancient civilizations withered away, some were destroyed and others became assimilated into other civi1izations. Only the Chinese civilization, thanks to its strong cohesive power and inexhaustible appeal, has survived many vicissitudes intact. The 5,000-year-long civilization is the source of pride of every Chinese.

大家知道，在人類發展史上，曾經出現過西亞兩河流域的巴比倫文明，北非尼羅河流域的古埃及文明，地中海北岸的古希臘一一羅馬文明，南亞印度河流域的古文明，發源于黃河——長江流域的中華文明，等等。由于地震、洪水、瘟疫、災荒，由于異族入侵和內部動亂，這些古文明，有的衰落了，有的消亡了，有的融入了其他文明。而中華文明，以其頑強的凝聚力和雋永的魅力，歷經滄桑而完整地延續了下來。擁有5，000年的文明史，這是我們中國人的驕傲。

The traditional Chinese culture, both extensive and profound, starts far back and runs a long, long course. More than 2,000 years ago, there emerged in China Confucianism represented by Confucius and Mencius, Taoism represented by Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi, and many other theories and doctrines that figured prominently in the history of Chinese thought, all being covered by the famous term "the masters' hundred schools". From Confucius to Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the traditional Chinese culture presents many precious ideas and qualities, which are essentially populist and democratic. For example, they lay stress on the importance of kindness and love in human relations, on the interest of the community, on seeking harmony without uniformity and on the idea that the world is for all.

中華民族的傳統文化博大精深、源遠流長。早在 2，000多年前，就產生了以孔孟為代表的儒家學說和以老莊為代表的道家學說，以及其他許多也在中國思想史上有地位的學說流派，這就是有名的“諸子百家”。從孔夫子到孫中山，中華民族傳統文化有它的許多珍貴品，許多人民性和民主性的好東西。比如，強調仁愛，強調群體，強調和而不同，強調夭下為公。

Especially, patriotism as embodied in the saying "Everybody is responsible for the rise or fall of the country"; the populist ideas that "people are the foundation of the country" and that "people are more important than the monarch"; the code of conduct of "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you"; and the traditional virtues taught from generation to generation: long suffering and hard working, diligence and frugality in household management, and respecting teachers and valuing education. All these have played a great role in binding and regulating the family, the country and the society. 
 

特別是“天下興亡，匹夫有責”的愛國情操，“民為邦本”“民為貴君為輕”的民本思想己所不欲，勿施于人"的待人之道，吃苦耐勞、勤儉持家、尊師重教的傳統美德，世代相傳。所有這些，對家庭、國家和社會起到了巨大的維系與調節作用。
 

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