1、對立法 : 先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法, 適用于有爭議性的主題.

　　例如(e.g)：

　　[1]. When asked about....., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that ....... But I think/view a bit differently.

　　[2]. When it comes to .... , some people believe that ....... Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true . There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements , but (I tend to the profer/latter ...)

　　[3]. Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that .... They claim/believe/argue that ... But I wonder/doubt whether.....

　　2、現象法引出要剖析的現象或者問題, 然后評論.

　　e.g

　　[1]. Recently the rise in problem of/(phenomenon of) ... has cause/ aroused public/popular/wide/worldwide concern.

　　[2]. Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of ... has been brought into focus. ( has been braught to public attention)

　　[3].Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality ... is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.

　　3、觀點法 ----開門見山,直接了當地提出自己對要討論的問題的看法.

　　e.g:

　　[1]. Never history has the change of .. been as evident as ... Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/idea of .. been more visible/ popular than...

　　[2]. Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning/ coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that...

　　[3]. Now there is a growing awareness/recognition of the necessity to...... Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of ......

　　[4]. Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that.......

　　4、引用法 ----- 先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 來引出文章要展開論述的觀點!

　　e.g:

　　[1]. "Knowledge is power." such is the remark made by Bacon. This remark has been shared by more and more people .

　　"Education is not complete with graduation." Such is the opinion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opinion.

　　[2]."........." How often we hear such statements/words like theses /this . In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this "......".

　　5、比較法 ------ 通過對過去,現在 兩種不同的傾向,觀點的比較 , 引出文章要討論的觀點.

　　e.g:

　　[1]. For years, ...had been viewed as ... But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing ... , people ....... .

　　[2]. People used to think that ... (In the past, ....) But people now share this new .

　　6、故事法 ---- 先講一個較短的故事來引發讀者的興趣, 引出文章的主題.

　　e.g:

　　[1]. Once in (a newspaper) , I read of/learnt .... The phenomenon of ... has aroused public concern.

　　[2]. I have a friend who ... Should he .... ? Such a dilemma we are often confront with in our daily life.

　　[3]. Once upon a time , there lived a man who ... This story may be (unbelievable) , but it still has a realistic significance now.

　　7、問題法 ----- 先用討論或解答的設問, 引出自己觀點, 適用于有爭議性的話題.

　　e.g:

　　Should/What ...... ? Options of ... vary greatly , some ..., others ... But in my opinion , ...... .

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