音樂(lè)語(yǔ)言 The Language of Music
The Language of Music
A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it until it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is utterly dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as arduous a training to become a performer as a medical student needs to become a doctor. Most training is concerned with technique, for musicians have to have the muscular proficiency of an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords would be inadequate without controlled muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow to and fro with the right arm-two entirely different movements.
Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists are spared this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, waiting for them, and it is the piano tuner's responsibility to tune the instrument for them. But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string have to be coaxed not to sound like percussion, and each overlapping tone has to sound clear.
This problem of getting clear texture is one that confronts student conductors: they have to learn to know every note of the music and how it should sound, and they have to aim at controlling these sounds with fanatical but selfless authority.
Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music that they can enjoy performing works written in any century.
音樂(lè)語(yǔ)言
一個(gè)畫(huà)家把自己的畫(huà)掛在墻上，每個(gè)人都可以看見(jiàn)。作曲家寫了一個(gè)作品，但沒(méi)有人能聽(tīng)到它，直到它被執(zhí)行。職業(yè)歌手和球員都有很大的責(zé)任，因?yàn)樽髑彝耆蕾囉谒麄儭Ｒ粋€(gè)音樂(lè)的學(xué)生需要長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的訓(xùn)練才能成為一名演奏者，作為一名醫(yī)科學(xué)生需要成為一名醫(yī)生。大多數(shù)的訓(xùn)練是與技術(shù)有關(guān)的，因?yàn)橐魳?lè)家必須有一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員或一個(gè)芭蕾舞者的肌肉熟練程度。歌手練習(xí)呼吸每一天，因?yàn)樗麄兊穆晭⒉蛔阋钥刂萍∪獾闹С帧Ｏ覙?lè)器演奏者練習(xí)左手的手指上下移動(dòng)，同時(shí)用右手前后畫(huà)弓來(lái)回的動(dòng)作完全不同。
歌手和樂(lè)器必須能夠完美地得到每一個(gè)音符。鋼琴幸免這個(gè)特別的焦慮，因?yàn)槊總€(gè)音符都已在那里，等待他們的，是鋼琴調(diào)音師的責(zé)任來(lái)調(diào)整他們的工具。但他們有自己的困難；琴槌敲擊琴弦時(shí)要小心不要聽(tīng)起來(lái)像打擊樂(lè)，而且每個(gè)交疊的音都必須要清晰。
這種清晰的紋理是學(xué)生指揮所面臨的一個(gè)問(wèn)題：他們必須學(xué)會(huì)了解音樂(lè)的每一個(gè)音符，以及它應(yīng)該如何健全，他們必須以熱忱而又無(wú)私的權(quán)威來(lái)控制這些聲音。
技術(shù)是沒(méi)有用的，除非它是結(jié)合音樂(lè)知識(shí)和理解。偉大的藝術(shù)家是那些在音樂(lè)的語(yǔ)言中如此徹底的，他們可以欣賞到任何一個(gè)世紀(jì)寫作的作品。
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