比較帶有社會學意義的雅思寫作話題，對涉世未深的學生來說可能難度比較大，所以，應該算是雅思作文里比較難的一道了。一起來看看吧。

In the developed world, average life expectancy is increasing. What problems will this cause for individuals and society? Suggest some measures that could be taken to reduce the impact of ageing populations.

學生范文：

It seems to be an increasing widespread phenomenon that average life expectancy is growing. I think the results of aging populations will cause heavy burden for individuals and society.

Firstly, growing average life expectancy proves that more and more people choose not to give birth to babies. Then the industries who take babies as target consumers will bankrupt, which will lead to many individuals lost their jobs. Likely, if the school don’t have enough students,the first thing they do is to reduce some teachers. So, the teachers will lost their jobs too.

Secondly, growing aging population will cause high pressure on society because there are no young labors. Some work will not find a qualified young man, such as sport coach, tourist guide and so on. Also,government will pay more tax on the well-fare system, which supposed to be used on education or the other things. Therefore, the other fields will be influenced by lacking of financial support from government.

In order to save this problem, my suggestion is that government or media should take their responsibility to raise people’s awareness to give birth to babies. For example, government can give people allowance if they make babies. Media can encourage people by promoting TV parent-child programs, like Ba Ba Qu Na er, a popular TV programs in China.

In sum, growing aging population will cause negative effects on both individuals and society. Government and media should try their best to solve this problem.

考官范文：

It is true that people in industrialised nations can expect to live longer than ever before. Although there will undoubtedly be some negative consequences of this trend, societies can take steps to mitigate these potential problems.

As people live longer and the populations of developed countries grow older, several related problems can be anticipated.The main issue is that there will obviously be more people of retirement age who will be eligible to receive a pension. The proportion of younger, workingadults will be smaller, and governments will therefore receive less money in taxes in relation to the size of the population. In other words, an ageing population will mean a greater tax burden for working adults. Further pressures will include a rise in the demand for healthcare, and the fact young adults will increasingly have to look after their elderly relatives.

There are several actions that governments could take to solve the problems described above. Firstly, a simple solution would be to increase the retirement age for working adults, perhaps from 65 to 70.Nowadays, people of this age tend to be healthy enough to continue a productive working life. A second measure would be for governments to encourage immigration in order to increase the number of working adults who pay taxes. Finally, money from national budgets will need to be taken from other areas and spent on vital healthcare, accommodation and transport facilities for the rising numbers of older citizens.

In conclusion, various measures can be taken totackle the problems that are certain to arise as the populations of countries grow older.

對比解讀：

這是一道report類型的大作文，這一類型的作文通常給出一種現象，需要考生分析這種現象出現的原因，帶來的影響或者提出解決的辦法。在雅思考官的范文中，我們可以看到這一類型文章的結構基本上分為4個部分：開頭，解釋原因，提出解決方法，總結。在考生的例文中，雖然解釋原因分為了兩段，但總的結構還是比較清晰的，那么它的主要問題在哪里?我們現在就來分析一下。

首先，這篇作文的出現了一些中國考生常犯的語法錯誤。比如will 后面需要接動詞的原型，“the teachers will lost their jobs too” 中的lost 需要用到它的原型lose，這些是一些最基本的語法問題，如果這樣的情況出現比較多，作文就不太可能會拿高分了。另外，Lead to 也是考生們常用的短語，但是要注意，這個短語后面只能是名詞或動名詞，或者是lead sb. to do sth.，在例文中的句子可以改成lead to rise in unemployment。

這篇考生作文還出現了一個整體的問題，即用詞都比較單一且偏中式。例如在提到“失業”這個問題時，考生一直在用lost 這個單詞，這就暴露了考生詞匯使用的局限性，如果能用同義詞(unemployed, laid-off, be fired)的詞匯進行替換的話，能為考生的文章增加亮點，提高分數。對于一些比較簡單的詞比如give，考生也可以嘗試使用offer, reward, provide等詞，增加詞匯使用的多樣性。同時，句子多樣性也會為考生的作文加分。例如考生例文中的 “governmentcan give people allowance if they make babies”, 可以改成 “people who give birth to babies will be rewarded by the government”，這樣就增加了被動句的使用。

值得考生注意是，與口語不同，作文要求的是書面的語言，書面語言的特點就是用詞嚴謹，避免使用口語中粗俗的語言，或者一些“簡單粗暴”的直白翻譯，例如這篇考生作文中出現的“make babies”，很明顯就是對中文的直譯，出現在雅思作文里是非常不合適的。另外，雅思作文中不提倡使用縮略的形式，像don’t 需要換成do not，can’t 使用cannot，保證了書面語言的嚴謹性。由于雅思主要是英式英語，考生在拼寫中最好使用英式拼寫(labor-labour)。

與之對比的考官范文無論是用詞上還是句子結構上都體現了多變的特點。例如，題目中life expectancy 就被考官換成了expect to live longer than ever before，用在了第一段的背景介紹中。同時expect這個詞在第二次出現的時候被anticipate替代了。考生們常用的solve只出現了一次，其余的都被tackle, mitigate 替代了。同時，考官使用的句子結構比較復雜并且多樣化一些，比如這一句“The main issue is that there will obviously be more people of retirement age who will be eligible to receive a pension.” that從句中再套了一個從句，形成了一個復雜句，讓考官的作文看起來“高大上”。當然這并不是說考生在寫作文時都要用很長的復雜句，最重要的一點還是在于不要出現太多的語法錯誤，在此基礎上再追求句式的多變。

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