In many countries women are able to join the armed forces. However, some people think only men should be members of the army, navy and air force. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

很多國家，女人能夠加入武裝部隊。然而，一些人認為只有男人應該成為陸軍，海軍和空軍的一員，多大程度上你同意或不同意?

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In many countries women are able to join the armed forces. However, some people think only men should be members of the army, navy and air force. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

1.話題背景：For over 3,000 years in a large number of cultures and nations, women have played many roles in the military, from ancient warrior women, to the women currently serving in conflicts, although the vast majority of all combatants in every culture have been men.

Even though women serving in the military has often been controversial, a very small number of women in history have fought alongside men. In the American Civil War, there were a few women who cross-dressed as men in order to fight. Fighting on the battlefront in disguise was not the only way women involved themselves in war. Some also served as nurses and aides.

Despite various, though limited, roles in the armies of past societies, the role of women in the military, particularly in combat, is controversial and it is only recently that women have begun to be given a more prominent role in contemporary armed forces. As increasing numbers of countries begin to expand the role of women in their militaries, the debate continues.

軍隊中，女性一直扮演著各種角色，從古至今如此。盡管女性參軍一直存在爭議，但在戰爭史上，女性曾同男兵們并肩作戰，雖然在所有的戰斗兵種，男性依然占絕大多數。女性參軍，尤其是女性參加戰斗兵種，一直爭議不斷，也只是最近，女性才開始在當代的軍隊中獲得相比較以往更高的地位，而隨著女性的軍中角色越來越多樣化，爭議還在繼續。

以下辯論主要探討的是女性是否應該扮演戰斗角色?

Pro: 不但支持女性參軍，還支持女性參與軍隊里的戰斗角色。

1.Equal standards - There is no question that the average female is physically weaker than the average male. But what are we to make of above average females? If a woman with exceptional athletic ability and toughness can meet and even exceed the standards currently set for male troops, then on what basis should she be denied the job? For example, the current physical standard to be a US Army Ranger involve completing 49 pushups, 59 situps, 6 pullups, and running 5 miles in under 40 minutes. Another US Infantry standard is carrying a 35 pound pack in full combat gear for 12 miles in under 3 hours. There are women who have completed and even exceeded both of these standards. Notably, 3 women to date have passed the US Army Ranger School, by all accounts outperforming many of their male peers. If these standards, which are currently deemed "good enough" to qualify men for combat, are not changed, and women prove they can meet those standards (they already have), then it qualifies as discrimination to exclude those women solely for their chromosomes. Bottom line - if women meet the same standard as men, there is no justification for denying them the job.

2. Women already have proven competence in combat - A big driver in this debate was the fact that women have already been exposed to combat in Iraq and Afghanistan, so it made no sense to officially continue excluding them. There are numerous accounts of women performing with courage and valor under fire. Take, for instance, SPC Monica Brown, who was awarded the Silver Star for running through enemy small arms and mortar fire to protect and treat wounded infantrymen [1]. Or SGT Leigh Hester, also awarded the Silver Star, who personally led an assault to clear enemy positions during an ambush in Iraq resulting in 27 enemy KIA [2]. I challenge Con to justify why these Silver Star winners should be excluded from serving in combat, given that they already have and did so with distinction.

3. Other countries integrate with no problems - many modern armies are already gender integrated, including Canada, Israel, Germany, Australia, and Norway. It seems there are very few, if any, additional problems as a result of their gender integrated ranks, because if there was a noticeable difference in military performance they would cease the policy. In fact, according to National Geographic, "A study on the integration of female combatants in the IDF [Israeli Defense Force] between 2002 and 2005 found that women often exhibit 'superior skills' in discipline, motivation, and shooting abilities, yet still face prejudicial treatment stemming from 'a perceived threat to the historical male combat identity.' [3]. If other modern armies (many of them NATO members) have integrated with success, then there is no reason why the United States should be a special exception.

Concerns upon a person's suitability to be a soldier, sailor or any other position in the armed forces should be wholly based upon their ability and individual concerns. Not upon such arbitrary concerns as gender.

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