第五劍法：獨立主格結構的使用。

　　例如：

　　1. Rosy dreams shattered, they are bewildering at the junction: “To be or not to be? That is a question”--- Hamlet’s perplexed monologue are echoing in their ears.

　　2. “Just listen to this,” she will say, her eyes glowing, her warm fingers pressed to my palm to hold my attention.

　　3. The U.S. population expanding dramatically, the species of its wildlife has witnessed a corresponding decline in a span of two centuries (1800-2000).

　　4. He went off, gun in hand.

　　5. The floor wet and slippery, we stayed outside.

　　6. The meal over, prayers were read by Miss Miller.

　　兩個或兩個以上分句間如果主語不一致時要用獨立主格結構。所謂“獨立主格結構”實質就是帶自己主語的非限定分句和無動詞分句。它按結構形式分為不定式“獨立結構”、-ing 分詞“獨立結構”(如例2、3)、-ed分詞“獨立結構”(如例1、2)和無動詞“獨立結構”，即名(代)詞+介詞短語(如例4)、名(代)詞+副詞 (如例6)或形容詞(如例5)。

　　第六劍法：形容詞或形容詞短語做狀語的使用。

　　例如：

　　1.Disillusioned and disheartened, they are most likely to be collapsed under the weight of life.

　　2.Living in the warm nestle, safe and sound, they are utterly free from external hardships and ignorant of what the bare reality is like.

　　3.They swarm into the job market, curious and excited.

　　形容詞常可單獨或引起短語做狀語，可用來表示原因(如例1)、方式(如例2、3)等。形容詞做狀語位置比較靈活，可前可后或插在句中。

　第七劍法：平行并列結構的使用

　　1. Studies serve for delight, for ornament and, for ability.

　　2. They flip back and forth between different tasks, wrestle with vast quantities of information, and face multiple demands that may require different documents and other supporting materials.

　　3. The solution, according to OSU researchers, is a computer system that tracks what you were doing on each of your tasks, what you were using to accomplish those tasks, where you were when you were interrupted, and even what you may need to do next.

　　4. In my work at a university, for instance, I might be simultaneously teaching a class, preparing for a meeting, writing a new grand proposal, working on a research project or talking to a reporter.

　　5. “TaskTracer” system automatically organizes all the materials needed on various projects, and should provide order, simplicity and convenience to a world that is too often paralyzed by information overload.

　　6. In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may “fail” at first.

　　平行并列結構的使用使逗號前后幾個結構相同﹑詞性一致﹑字數相仿的幾個部分(一般為三個部分，可簡單概括為A,B, and /or C結構)有機地統一銜接了起來，使句式表達銜接緊湊﹑結構整齊﹑節奏鏗鏘，讀起來朗朗上口。此結構中

　　的三個平行并列部分A,B, and /or C，ABC三部分可以是三個(或更多)名詞并列(如例5)，三個(或更多)動詞不定式結構并列(如例6)，三個(或更多)動詞并列(如例2)，三個(或更多)介詞詞組或介詞結構并列(如例1)，三個(或更多)分詞并列(如例4)，三個(或更多)從句并列(如例3)等等。其他平行并列結構還有形容詞并列，副詞并列，疑問代詞或疑問副詞加動詞不定式結構并列等。

　　需要指出的是，A,B, and /or C 平行并列結構中，B部分后面的逗號可要可不要，而且這一結構中一般至少是三部分并列，也可能是四個或四個以上部分的并列。不管幾個部分平行并列，一般在最后一個并列部分前加and /or。

　　第八劍法：評注性狀語的使用

　　1. More specifically, two windows, so to speak, of opportunity appear to be opening.

　　2. Confident of the justice of their cause, they agreed to put their case before the arbitration panel.

　　3. Better still, it allows China to avoid being locked into a single vendor—and an American one at that.

　　4. Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention.

　　評注性狀語也稱作“分離性狀語(Disjunct)”，是對整個句子進行說明或解釋，表示說話人對話語的看法或態度。評注性狀語不與它所評說的句子在結構上緊密結合，通常位于句首，常用逗號與句子隔開。應該注意的是，評注性狀語所修飾的不是謂語或謂語動詞，而是整個句子。

　　評注性狀語通常由某些副詞或副詞詞組表示(如例1和例4)，也可以是無動

　　詞分句(省略了主語和謂語動詞的分句結構)表示(如例2和例3)。同時還可以由介詞詞組﹑非限定分句或限定分句表示。例如：

　　5. In my opinion, the theory he advanced can not even hold water.

　　6. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians , and should best be considered North American.

　　7. What’s more important, the widespread access to information technologies promises to condense the time required to change from labor-intensive assembly work to industries that involve engineering, marketing, and design.

　第十一劍法：狀語從句的使用

　　1. Wall Street peddled NASDAQ and tech-stock products like crazy, even though it was the worst possible time for investors to buy them.

　　2. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.

　　3. If William Shakespeare were working today on Broadway or in London’s West End, he would be spending a lot of time with lawyers.

　　4. Speech recognition software is also included, Dietterich said, so that the outgoing side of each conversation can be recorded and retrieved as another aid to performing the task at hand.

　　5. When grandmas were cashing in CDs to buy tech funds six years ago, it was time for the rest of us to clear out.

　　6. It’s one thing to take the dollar into account when you’re making investment decisions, just as you should think about things like interest rates.

　　7. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.

　　采用狀語從句連接逗號前后的主句和從句也是寫作中常用的句法結構。狀語從句根據主句與從句的邏輯關系又可具體細分為時間狀語從句(如例5)，目的狀語從句(如例2和例4)，方式狀語從句(如例6)，條件狀語從句(如例3)，讓步狀語從句(如例1)，原因狀語從句(如例7)。

　　第十二劍法：遞進重復結構的使用

　　1. In closing, and pure simplicity, zoos are so much fun, fun for the animals of course.

　　2. Applause of cheerful roars and howls fill the zoo with hope, hope to see a brighter tomorrow.

　　3. We all love peace, peace all over the world.

　　4. Now came the experience, the experience that I believe to be far commoner with women writers than with men.

　　5. To speak without figure she had thought of something, something about the body, about the passions which it was unfitting for her as a woman to say.

　　重復關鍵詞，在語義上逗號后面部分具體說明﹑補充或進一步引申﹑遞進逗號前面部分的內容，而不是文字上簡單的重復。

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