2017專四作文預測范文：動物實驗

　　2017年英語專四即將于4.22日開考，新東方在線專四頻道在考前為考生們整理了一系列2017專四作文預測范文，希望考生們在考前多看素材，順利通過專四考試。　

 　解析：

　　支持把動物作為實驗對象的觀點：

　　? 動物不能夠進行道德的判斷，也不會尊重其他動物的權利(recognize the rights of other species),沒有能力做道德上的選擇(have no capacity to make moral choices),因此動物比人類 低等，不能夠等同于人類;

　　? 人類目前找不到替代動物的實驗品(replacements);

　　? 動物的神經系統不如人類發達，痛楚已經最小化(minimize pain),而如果在人體上做實驗是 不人道的 (Vivisection practiced on human beings is inhumane.);動物和人相似 (bear a resemblance to humans)，對外部的影響和人類反應類似(respond similarly to external disturbances)，因此最適宜做人類的替代品;

　　? 人類的利益應該建立在動物利益之上(human interests should be placed above animal welfare), 利用動物做實驗有助于科技的發展。

　　反對把動物作為實驗對象的觀點：

　　? 動物的生存權(the right to life )需要被保護，禁止虐待行為(the prohibition of torture);

　　? 很多時候，動物實驗的目的只是為了一些商業用途(industrial products),這是不道德的;

　　? 動物實驗的結果和信息是不可靠的，具有誤導性〔unreliable and misleading)，畢竟人類和動物有很大的不同(many differences between humans and animals)

　　范文

　　Perhaps no subject in the moral community is as controversial as animal testing. Animals, many people believe, merit more humane treatment. When animal-based experiments have long been the centre of criticism, I am of the opinion that such experiments are essential to both the well-being of human beings and that of animals.

　　There is little doubt, first of all, that most of the animal-based experiments are conducted for the development of technology and to date, there is little chance of finding satisfying substitutions for animals, Animals are used mainly because they bear a close resemblance to humans, either in behaviour or in cell structure. They respond to external disturbances (such as electrical shock) nearly in the same manner as humans do. There is much evidence that most of what people know about themselves, including pain, stress, reproduction and nutrition, is based on findings of animal-based experiments. Animal testing proves one of the main approaches to predict the risk when drugs or other products are used on humans.

　　Another fact to support animal-based experiment is that animals are not the equivalent of humans, and can be used as resources for human purposes. Animals have no capacity to recognize the rights of other species. Nor will they take in consideration the interests of other species. It is possibly one of the main reasons why animals feed on each other. Humans, by comparison, use animal experimentations not only for their own interests but also for the interests of animals. For example, some medical discoveries can be used by veterinary surgeons to give medical care and treatment to sick animals.

　　Despite the justifications given for vivisection, researchers have the obligation to reduce animal testing and animal suffering. There is a growing recognition that animal tests are mostly done for commercial purposes and most of them are avoidable. For instance, the cosmetic industry has been exploiting animal experimentation simply for diversifying products and maximizing profits. The fewer cosmetic products people use, the fewer animals they have to slaughter. When scientists are empowered to carry out cruel experiments like vivisection, such powers should not be abused.

　　To summarize, one can subscribe to the notion that animals can be taken as resources intended for the benefit of humans, although meanwhile it is certain that suffering should be controlled to the minimum during experimentation.

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