如何攻克托福綜合寫作?聽力難關(guān)不容忽視
在托福寫作中分為綜合和獨(dú)立兩個(gè)項(xiàng)目,而這兩項(xiàng)分別都是獨(dú)立評(píng)分的,取平均值后得到最終的分?jǐn)?shù)。也就是說(shuō),這兩個(gè)部分各占一半權(quán)重,因此應(yīng)給予相同程度的重視。而通常我們?cè)趥淇嫉倪^(guò)程中,一般都是會(huì)比較關(guān)注獨(dú)立寫作的部分,而對(duì)于綜合寫作的部分,由于其涉及到了聽力、閱讀等等部分,大家只能說(shuō)是有心無(wú)力了。那么,對(duì)于這樣的問(wèn)題我們又該如何應(yīng)對(duì)呢?我們到底能做點(diǎn)什么呢?
首先要關(guān)注綜合寫作本身的設(shè)計(jì)理念,綜合寫作先有一個(gè)三分鐘的閱讀,然后是兩分鐘左右的聽力,最后是一篇20分鐘的寫作。有別于托福考試的閱讀和聽力部分,綜合寫作中的閱讀和聽力以學(xué)術(shù)類話題為主,且二者圍繞同一主題展開論證。那我們都寫什么呢,這里我們就需要看一下綜合寫作的評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)了。
托福綜合寫作滿分要求是:
A response at this level successfullyselects the important information from the lecture and coherently andaccurately presents this information in relation to the relevant informationpresented in the reading. The response is well organized and occasionallanguage errors that are present do not result in inaccurate or imprecisepresentation of content or connections。
從上面我們可以看出來(lái),綜合寫作對(duì)語(yǔ)言其實(shí)沒有特別嚴(yán)苛的要求,而更多的是提取閱讀和聽力的重要信息以及展示聽力和閱讀的關(guān)系。
我們知道綜合寫作的閱讀結(jié)構(gòu)很簡(jiǎn)單,即使里面涉及到一些單詞可能有些學(xué)生不懂,比如生物學(xué)科,但是這完全不影響我們看懂文章的結(jié)構(gòu)。所以閱讀通常不是影響我們綜合寫作分?jǐn)?shù)的關(guān)鍵,事實(shí)上聽力才是考察的重點(diǎn)。如果你的聽力不錯(cuò),把聽力寫得很清楚的同學(xué)一定可以得高分,可是如果聽力不行那么我們應(yīng)該怎么做?在這里主要給大家介紹兩點(diǎn),幫助學(xué)生在聽力聽不太懂的情況下拿一個(gè)超過(guò)自己實(shí)力的分?jǐn)?shù)。
1.考生能否在快速閱讀的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)聽力做出正確的預(yù)測(cè)。我們都知道閱讀和聽力話題一致,而且目前真題中閱讀和聽力的關(guān)系都是反駁關(guān)系,所以記好閱讀的筆記,根據(jù)兩者的關(guān)系可以幫助我們更快鎖定聽力的內(nèi)容,做到有準(zhǔn)備的去聽,這也是很多學(xué)生托福聽力考limited,但是綜合寫作卻能拿到一個(gè)fair,甚至good的原因。我們用TPO8 做個(gè)講解。
閱讀讀完后總結(jié)的結(jié)論和三個(gè)點(diǎn)分別是:
Main point: 塞恩加爾騎士的回憶錄不夠精確
- Sub point 1:回憶錄聲稱自己很有錢,但是事實(shí)上他借朋友錢。
- Sub point 2:回憶錄上對(duì)于他跟伏爾泰交談?dòng)涗浀眠^(guò)于詳細(xì),不合常理。
- Sub point 3:他聲稱自己在威尼斯越獄,但實(shí)際上他是政界朋友幫忙行賄才獲得自由的。
閱讀筆記容易出現(xiàn)兩種極端:1. 有些學(xué)生覺得浪費(fèi)時(shí)間,所以不記筆記。2. 有些學(xué)生覺得要記清楚,所以可能出現(xiàn)記整個(gè)句子導(dǎo)致對(duì)頂時(shí)間內(nèi)讀不完。這兩點(diǎn)都不可取,學(xué)生可以根據(jù)自己的筆記習(xí)慣去記錄,不用太細(xì),但一定要要去記錄結(jié)論和三個(gè)點(diǎn)分別是什么。
記完閱讀,就是運(yùn)用閱讀為聽力做準(zhǔn)備的時(shí)間了。什么意思呢?以這篇為例,我們就要明白聽力要專門去聽以下幾點(diǎn):
Main point: 聽力的結(jié)論與閱讀相反,那肯定就是塞恩加爾騎士的回憶錄真實(shí)了。
- Sub point 1: 他很有錢,那借錢時(shí)怎么回事呢?
- Sub point 2: 他的回憶錄到底怎么記得這么清楚的?
- Sub point 3: 他肯定是從屋頂跑的,那有證據(jù)嗎?對(duì)于他有權(quán)的朋友怎么解釋呢?
當(dāng)我們知道要去聽什么的時(shí)候,我們的聽力效果一定是事半功倍的,大家可以試試看,是不是能很快捕捉到下面的聽力重點(diǎn):
聽力重要內(nèi)容:
Main point: the Chevalier’s memoir is,by a large,a reliable historical source.
Sub point one: it usually took a few days to convert his assets into actualmoney. So when he ran out of cash, he had to borrow some while he was waitingfor his money to arrive, but that’s not being poor.
Sub point two: each night immediately afterconversing with Voltaire, he wrote down everything he could remember about thatparticular night’s conversation and kept his notes of these conversations formany years. Witnesses confirmed that he regularly consulted notes and journalswhen composing the memoir.
Sub point three: Other prisoners in thatprison had even more powerful friends than he did, and none of them were everable to bribe their way to freedom. old Venetian government documents. Theyindicate that soon after the Chevalier escaped from the prison, the ceiling ofhis old prison room had to be repaired.
2.注意信號(hào)詞
這些詞后出現(xiàn)的東西一定是我們重點(diǎn)需要注意去聽的時(shí)候,所以在聽的過(guò)程中一定要仔細(xì)。
a.轉(zhuǎn)折與對(duì)比 however, on thecontrary, nevertheless, rather than…, by contrast on the other hand
b.強(qiáng)調(diào) remember that..., a major development isthat…, the basic concept here is …, the basic concept here is …, the importantidea is…
c.例證 for example, as anexample, that is, to give a specific example
d.提出觀點(diǎn) in addition,furthermore, in the same manner, another reason is…
e.發(fā)表意見 according to,personally, in my opinion
f.下結(jié)論 all in all, in conclusion, consequently,finally, therefore
當(dāng)閱讀和聽力都記錄了之后,我們就可以進(jìn)行寫作了,這里一定要提醒大家做個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)述,尤其是閱讀,不要去抄原文。大家一定要記住,實(shí)戰(zhàn)才是鍛煉能力的最好方式,所以還是希望大家多做全套的綜合寫作習(xí)題,TPO有三十多套,就是很不錯(cuò)的選擇。
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