托福獨立寫作話題素材：成功
對于很多TOEFLer來說，托福獨立寫作最讓人惆悵的并不是不會寫，而是不知道該寫啥?托福獨立寫作部分話題涉及各類領域，考察考生對特定話題的獨立觀點闡述， 而讓很多考生感到頭疼的恰恰不是語言表達本身，而是拿到題目不知從何寫起，遇到自己之前不熟悉不了解的話題，往往大腦一片空白。還有些同學因此走極端開始進行各類素材的瘋狂記憶積累，背到最后舌頭打結卻并不能清楚明晰自己到底都背了啥。
其實，托福獨立寫作的思路拓展我們完全可以“功夫在平時”，通過日常閱讀和聽力材料積累必要的話題素材，不求字字句句銘記只需大概了解特定范疇，再在日常托福備考中注意練習應用，學會觸類旁通融會貫通，考場上自然可以心中有數。下面我們來看一些和成功有關的話題素材拓展。
Sample Question：
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
It is easier to succeed nowadays than in the past.
一個人的成功會被哪些因素影響呢?這些因素古往今來是否有所變化呢?
Factor 1: ability (能力)
包括知識儲備(knowledge reserves)，溝通技巧(communication skills)，抗挫折能力(ability to resist setback)和情商(emotion quality)。
Sample Sentences:
1. In the last century, it’s hard to obtain information because of the lack of technology, while currently we can access to any information in seconds.
2. In the past, someone possessed a special skill could succeed easily, however, it’s no longer feasible nowadays since the exploration of knowledge.
Factor 2: Partner(合作伙伴)
換個方式說就是teamwork的重要性。過去一個裁縫可以開裁縫鋪給人做衣服糊口，現在講究teamwork，要有合作精神。但實際上要想做大做強，任何人都需要與他人合作。所以其實在任何時代，合作伙伴的忠誠度(loyalty)和契合度(compatibility)對成功都是至關重要的。
Sample sentences:
1. Twenty years ago, people could achieve success by working alone, such as starting a personal business, however, after the industrialization, cooperation have became one of the most important factors for success.
2. In fact, it’s essential to cooperate if one wants to succeed. As a consequence, no matter in any times, the degree of loyalty and compatibility of partners is crucial.
Factor 3: Competition(競爭)
在很大程度上，成功是一個相對性(relative)的概念，而非絕對性的(absolute)概念，也就是說衡量一個人是否成功在于他在某個特定的圈子中能否脫穎而出。所以，競爭環境(competitive environment)是一個重要的影響因素(factor)。
Sample sentences:
1. As the explosion of population, the world has been becoming increasing competitive; as a consequence, it’s harder to stand out nowadays than in the past.
2. Competition and opportunities coexist, the more competitive, the more opportunities there are. Consequently, it’s not sensible to assert it’s easier to succeed in our age than in the past.
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