百喻經之十九: 乘船失釪喻
§19 乘船失釪喻
(19) loss of a silver bowl by boat
昔有人乘船渡海,失一銀釪,墮于水中。即便思念:“我今畫水作記,舍之而去,后當取之。”
once upon a time there was a man who dropped a silver bowl into the sea while crossing it. he pondered, "i'm going to make a mark on the water. i'm carrying on my journey now. but i'll come back for it later."
行經二月,到師子諸國,見一河水,便入其中,覓本失釪。
after two months' travel during which he visited ceylon and many other countries. on seeing a river, he jumped into the water looking for the bowl he had lost before.
諸人問言:“欲何所作?”
"what are you doing there?" people asked.
答言:“我先失釪,今欲覓取。”
he replied, "i have lost my bowl. now i would like to get it back."
問言:“于何處失?”
people went on, "when did you lose it?"
答言:“初入海失。”
he answered, "i lost it crossing the sea."
又復問言:“失經幾時?”
again people asked, "how long ago did you lose it?"
言:“失來二月。”
he answered, "i lost it two months ago."
問言:“失來二月,云何此覓?”
people asked, "since you lost it two months ago in the sea, why are you looking for it here in the river?"
答言:“我失釪時,畫水作記。本所畫水,與此無異,是故覓之。”
he answered, "i made a mark on the water where i lost the bowl. this water looks the same as the other. there seems no difference. that's why i'm doing this."
又復問言:“水雖不別。汝昔失時,乃在于彼;今在此覓,何由可得?”
people went on, "though all waters are identical, the place that you have lost it is there. how can you find it here?"
爾時眾人,無不大笑。
everybody jeered at him.
亦如外道,不修正行,相似善中,橫計苦因,以求解脫,狀如愚人,失釪于彼,而于此覓。
the heretics, who do not practice the right religious belief, but a fallacious one, suffer from their useless mortification in seeking deliverance. those men are just like the stupid man who has lost his bowl in the sea and looked for it in the river.
注釋:
①釪:同盂,食器。
②畫水:隨劃隨合,無法作記認,所以愚人說本所畫水,與此無異。
③師子諸國:即僧伽羅國(俗語simghala音譯),梵文simhala,巴利文sihala,意思是執師子國、師子國,宋以后的著作如《諸蕃志》作細蘭(系譯自阿拉伯語silan)。一九七二年改名為斯里蘭卡(srilanka)。關于此國的由來,《大唐西域記》卷十一的記載很是詳細,且多有滋味,現將季羨林等的今譯文抄錄于下,以供賞覽。
此國本來就是個寶島,珍寶很多,居住著鬼神。后來,南印度有個國王的女兒和鄰國訂了婚,選定良辰吉日出嫁,途中碰到獅子,侍衛們丟下公主四散逃奔,只有她在車子里,心想這下沒命了! 這時獅子王就背著她走了,進入深山,把她安置在幽邃的山谷里,捕鹿采果,按時供給她。幾年后,她生下一男一女,形貌與人一樣,而性情和血統卻是野獸的。男的漸漸成長,力大無窮,能擊斃猛獸,二十歲時,開始具有人的智慧,就向母親說:「我算什么呢?父親是野獸,母親卻是人,既然不是同類,怎么會成夫妻?」母親就把過去的事情告訴了兒子。兒子回答:「人和獸是兩樣,應該快快離開。」母親說:「我從前逃走過,沒有成功。」
后來兒子就跟著獅子父親,登山越嶺,偵查它的行蹤,以便逃離。等到父親走遠了,兒子便擔負著母親和妹妹下山,跑到有人煙的所在。母親告誡他們說:「各人都要謹慎地嚴守秘密,不能講出我們的由來。人們如果知道了,會輕視我們的。」于是,他們到了本國,可是這個國家已不屬于這一家族統治了,宗祀已經滅絕,他們只好投身寄住在這里的村邑人家。人們問道:「你們是哪一國的人?」回答說:「我本是這個國的人,因為流離在外國,現在攜帶子女來歸故鄉。」人們無不憐憫他們的遭遇,相互供應他們的生活所需。
獅子王回到山谷,一看什么也沒有了,回憶過去的情景,眷戀著親生的兒女,既痛且恨,就走出山谷,往來村邑間,咆哮震吼,兇暴地傷害人畜,殘忍地禍害生靈,村邑有人外出,就被撲滅吞噬。大家只好擊鼓吹貝,背負弓弩,手持長矛,成群結隊地行走,才能免害。
國王害怕他的統治不能安定,就派遣獵人,希望捕獲獅子。國王親自統率數以萬計的象、馬、車、步四種兵卒,埋伏在森林、水澤中,跨越山谷。而獅子猛吼一聲,如同晴天霹靂,人馬驚退。既然擒獲不到,便重新招募勇士,下令說如有人能捉到獅子為國除掉大患的,當酬重賞,并旌表他的功績。
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