Directions：

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Fabricating Academic Credentials．You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below．

1.現在學歷造假現象非常猖獗
2.分析這一現象的原因
3.如何根除這一現象

【精彩范文】

On Fabricating Academic Credentials

Etymologically, the word “credential” derives from “credit” and is related to the moral attribute of credibility. An academic credential reflects a student’s academic knowledge and expertise, with which he becomes qualified for performing certain professional responsibilities at certain professional positions. Academic credentials shouldn’t be falsified because false credentials are dangerous. For example, a medical graduate with false credentials can kill his patients rather than rescuing them.

Currently, fabricating academic credentials is particularly rampant in China, where all recruitments seem to involve credentials. In order to secure the job they want, some job seekers without the required credentials have no alternative but to have them fabricated by professional forgers. While condemning users of fake credentials on both legal and moral grounds, we somehow tend to sympathize with them as they are victimized by a society addicted to the credential mania.

A more despicable form of credential fabrication is perpetrated by those already highly successful people—businessmen, entrepreneurs, government officials, celebrities in the entertainment industry, etc. They use false credentials not so much to advance their careers as to project their personal image as an icon. This is a greater evil because those fabricators contrive, through fraudulence, to secure our admiration and respect on the spiritual level. A most notorious case is the scandal of TxxJxx, who pretends to be a role model for innocent Chinese youth, with false Ph.D. credential from a non-existent American university.

To solve this problem, a combination of measures is necessary. We should evaluate a person by his true caliber, not solely by his credentials. Legally, we should crack down on both the seller and the buyer of false credentials. Finally, we should keep exposing and denouncing fabricators so they can no longer fool us. In this way, our society will become purified and credibility will ultimately prevail.

【參考譯文】
學歷造假
從詞源學上講，學歷“credential”一詞源于“credit”（信譽）, 與誠信這一德行相關。一份學歷所反映的，是一個學生的學識與專長；有了這二者，他就有資質去在特定的專業崗位上履行特定的專業職責。對于學歷，不應弄虛作假，因為虛假的學歷貽害無窮。舉例來說，一個擁有虛假學歷的醫科畢業生，更有可能將其病人置于死地，而非挽救其生命。
目前，學歷造假在我國尤為猖獗。在中國，所有的人才招聘似乎無不涉及到文憑。為了獲得他們夢寐以求的工作，有些并不擁有必要學歷的求職者，只能轉而求助于職業制假者，請他們偽造文憑。雖然我們會基于法律和道德的理由去譴責這些購買和使用假冒文憑的人，但我們仍然會對他們懷有某種惻隱之心，因為他們也是這個唯文憑是論的國度的犧牲品。
有一種更為卑鄙的文憑造假，造假者是那些早已功成名就的人士——商人、企業家、政府官員、娛樂界名人等等。他們不亦樂乎地進行學歷造假，以其說是為了謀取職業發展，還不如說是為了構筑他們個人形象。供大眾進行偶像崇拜。這是一種更為嚴重的惡行，因為這些造假者，通過欺世盜名的手段，處心積慮地要攫取我們精神層面上對他們的欽佩與尊敬。一個最臭名昭著的案例便是某個TJ君所爆出的丑聞，此君將自己偽裝一個角色榜樣，接受某些成胸無城府、涉世不深的中國青年的膜拜，而手里握著的，則是某個子虛烏有的美國大學的所謂博士文憑！
要解決這個問題，關鍵是需要多管齊下。我們在衡量一個人時，應以其實際能力為標準，而非僅看他的文憑。在法律上，我們應該對假學歷的制售者和購買者一并實施打擊。我們應一如既往地揭露和譴責文憑造假者，讓其不再能蒙騙我們。這樣一來，我們的社會環境將得到凈化，誠信終將占據上風。

【值得熟記的句式與短語】
1. fabricate制造，偽造
2. etymologically從詞源學上講
3. credential學歷
4. credit信譽
5. with which he becomes qualified for performing certain professional responsibilities at certain professional positions有了它們，他就有資質去在特定的專業崗位上履行特定的專業職責
6. false credentials虛假的學歷
7. be rampant猖獗的
8. have no alternative but to have them fabricated by professional forgers有只能轉而求助于職業制假者
9. on both legal and moral grounds基于法律和道德的理由
10. a society addicted to the credential mania唯文憑是論的國度
11. despicable卑鄙的
12. perpetrate做（壞事），犯(罪)
13. They use false credentials not so much to advance their career as to project their personal image as an icon.他們不亦樂乎地進行學歷造假，與其說是為了謀取職業發展，還不如說是為了構筑他們作為偶像的個人形象。
14. a combination of measures多管齊下
15. true caliber實際能力
16. crack down on sb.打擊某人
17. credibility will ultimately prevail誠信終將占據上風

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