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　　1-1 對立法 : 先引出其他人的不同看法,然后提出自己的看法或者偏向于某一看法, 適用于有爭議性的主題.

　　e.g

　　[1]. When asked about....., the vast/overwhelming majority of people say that ....... But I think/view a bit differently. 在談到.....,廣大/絕大多數人的要求說.......但我覺得/觀點有點不同。

　　[2]. When it comes to .... , some people believe that ....... Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true . There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements , but (I tend to the previous/latter ) 當涉及到....有些人認為.......一些人則認為/聲稱，相反/恰恰相反。可能有一些在兩個參數真理/報表，但(我更傾向于前/后

　　[3]. Now, it is commonly/generally/widely believed/held/acknowledged that .... They claim/ believe/argue that ... But I wonder/doubt whether......

　　現在，它通常是/一般/普遍認為/月/承認，....他們聲稱/相信/認為...不過，我懷疑/懷疑.....

　　1-2 現象法 引出要剖析的現象或者問題, 然后評論 .

　　e.g

　　[1]. Recently the rise in problem of/(phenomenon of) ... has cause/aroused public/popular/wide/ worldwide concern. 最近上升的問題/(現象)...已造成/引起公眾/流行/寬/舉世關注

　　[2]. Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of ...has been brought into focus. ( has been brouth to public attention) 最近，問題的問題/ ...的現象已成為注意的焦點。 (已經被brouth公眾的注意)

　　[3].Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality ... is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.

　　----- To be continued !! 通貨膨脹/貪污/社會不平等...又是新的和痛苦的真理，我們必須學會面對的/不斷另一個。

　　1-3 觀點法 ----開門見山,直接了當地提出自己對要討論的問題的看法.

　　e.g:

　　[1]. Never history has the change of .. been as evident as ... Nowhere in the world/China has the issue/id dea of .. be more visible/popular than... 歷史上從未有改變的..被明顯的，因為...在世界任何地方/中國有問題/思想的..更可見/受歡迎的程度...

　　[2]. Now people in growing/significant numbers are beginning/coming to realize/accept/(be aware) that... 現在越來越多的人/大量開始/來實現/接受/(知道)的...

　　[3]. Now there is a growing awareness/recognition ot the necessity to......Now people become increasingly aware/conscious of the importance of ...... 現在，人們日益認識/認識到有必要逾......現在，人們越來越認識到/的重要性的認識......

　　[4]. Perhaps it is time to have a fresh look at the attitude/idea that....... 也許現在是有一個重新審視的態度/想法.......

　　1-4 引用法 ----- 先引出名人名言或者有代表性的看法, 來引出文章要展開論述的觀點!

　　e.g:

　　[1]. "Knowledge is power." such is the remark made by Bacon. This remark has been shared by more and more people . “知識就是力量。”這就是由培根說了。這句話也有同樣的越來越多的人。

　　"Education is not complete with graduation." Such is the opinion of a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opinion. “教育是不完整的畢業。”這就是一個偉大的美國哲學家的意見。現在，越來越多的人分享他的意見。

　　[2]."........." How often we hear such statements/words like thoses /this . "........."如何我們經常聽到這樣的聲明/放入系統一樣的話/本。

　　In our own days we are used to hearing such traditional complains as this "......".在我們自己的日子，我們都已經習慣聽到這樣的傳統抱怨，因為這"......".

　　1-5 比較法 ------ 通過對過去,現在 兩種不同的傾向,觀點的比較 , 引出文章要討論的觀點.

　　e.g:

　　[1]. For years, ...had been viewed as ... But people are taking a fresh look now. With the growing ... , people ....... . 多年來，...已被視為...但是，人們正在以新面貌了。隨著越來越多... ，人....... 。

　　[2]. People used to think that ... (In the past, ....) But people now share this new. 人們曾經以為... (過去，....)但是，人們現在這個新的共享。

　　1-6 故事法 ---- 先講一個較短的故事來引發讀者的興趣, 引出文章的主題.

　　e.g:

　　[1]. Once in (a newspaper) , I read of/learnt .... The phenomenon of ... has aroused public concern. 一旦(報紙)，我閱讀/學習....的現象...引起市民關注

　　[2]. I have a friend who ... Should he .... ? Such a dilemma we are often confront with in our daily life. 我有一個朋友誰...如果他.... ?這樣的困境，我們常常遇到在我們的日常生活的。

　　[3]. Once upon a time , there lived a man who ... This story may be (unbelievable) , but it still has a realistic significance now. 從前，有一位男子誰...這個故事可能是(難以置信)，但它仍然有現實意義現在

　　1-7 問題法 ----- 先用討論或解答的設問, 引出自己觀點, 適用于有爭議性的話題.

　　e.g:

　　Should/What ...... ? Options of ... vary greatly , some ..., others ...

　　But in my opinion , ...... . 應/什么...... ?的選項...差別很大，有些...，有的...但我認為，...... 。

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