考研英語歷年真題來源報(bào)刊閱讀100篇31

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Moment of truth
　　No sooner did James McCarthy’s name turn up in an Associated Press story on the outlook for global warming than he started getting outraged e-mails from colleagues. All that McCarthy, a Harvard oceanographer who studies how climate change affects marine life, told the AP last week was that “the worst stuff is not going to happen ... not that I think the projections aren’t that accurate, but because we can’t be that stupid.” The overwhelming response, he said, was, What do you mean, we can’t be that stupid? Just look around!
　　On that very question could hinge the fate of much of life on Earth. Last week was bracketed by two events that could make 2007 a turning point in the effort to control global warming. On Monday, by a 5-4 vote, the Supreme Court ruled that the federal government had the power under the Clean Air Act to regulate carbon dioxide emissions from vehicles. This victory for environmentalists was quickly snatched away by President Bush, who announced the next day that his administration had no intention of doing anything of the sort. But the ruling set an important precedent for treating carbon dioxide as a threat to human welfare, and opens the way to regulating it by tightening fuel-economy standards. On Friday, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, marshaling the research of nearly 1,000 scientists from 74 countries, issued a long-awaited report on climate-change“impacts, adaptation and vulnerability”.The study found that global warming was already affecting the Earth’s ecosystems; it predicted that continued climate change, in combination with other environmental stressors such as population increases and greater urbanization, would lead to more-severe and widespread drought, greater coastal and riverine flooding, and“increased risk of extinction”for 20 to 30 percent of plant and animal species. Depending on how much temperature rises, food production in the temperate regions (including parts of the United States and Canada) could actually increase, but would probably decline in much of the tropics.
　　Yet at least since last year’s congressional elections it’s been clear that 2007 would be a critical year for what former vice president Al Gore has called the“planetary emergency”. A half-dozen bills to control greenhouse gases have already been introduced or are being prepared for introduction to the Senate, according to the National Environmental Trust. Some version of the“cap and trade”market-based system that has already shown its value in reducing acid-rain pollution is virtually certain to pass this Congress.“The key question now”,says NET president Phil Clapp,“is, will President Bush sign a meaningful bill? But I don’t think there’s any question that if this Congress doesn’t produce one, the next one will and the next president will sign it. We’re in the endgame now, after 10 years on this issue.”
　　考研詞匯：
　　associate[??s?u?ieit]
　　v.①(with)使聯(lián)系，使聯(lián)合;②交往，結(jié)合;n.合作人，伙伴，同事，同行;a.副的;合伙的
　　[真題例句]“Some of us have known for many, many years that the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited,”says Luce,“I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated (v.①) with the company have only recently come to realize this.”[1997年閱讀4]
　　[例句精譯] “我們中的一些人多年來就知道憲法第一修正案所說的自由并非毫無限制，”魯斯說，“我想與公司有關(guān)系的一些人可能是最近才意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)。”
　　outrage[?aut?reid?]
　　n.暴行，侮辱，憤怒;vt.觸犯，激怒
　　[真題例句] Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged (vt.).[2005年閱讀1]
　　[例句精譯] 事實(shí)上，如果他還有偷懶怠工的名聲，你可能會(huì)暴怒的。
　　overwhelming[??uv??welmi?]
　　a.勢不可擋的，壓倒的

[真題例句] The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time-consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming.[1995年閱讀3]
　　[例句精譯] 現(xiàn)在，個(gè)人可獲得的信息比任何時(shí)代的人都多，而要找到一條與自己問題相關(guān)的信息既復(fù)雜又耗時(shí)，有時(shí)甚至相當(dāng)困難。
　　snatch[sn?t?]
　　n./v.攫取，搶奪
　　marshal[?mɑ:??l]
　　n.元帥, 典禮官, 執(zhí)行官, 司儀官vt.整頓, 配置, 匯集vi.排列, 集合
　　emergency[i?m?:d??nsi]
　　n.緊急情況，突然事件，非常時(shí)刻
　　[真題例句] The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors (19：available) for unfamiliar and emergency signals (20：such as) the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.[2005年完形]
　　[例句精譯] 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，大腦能在有不熟悉或緊急信號(hào)時(shí)，使嗅覺接收器工作，例如，煙味就是著火和危險(xiǎn)的信號(hào)。
　　背景常識(shí)介紹：
　　人類不斷向大氣中排放二氧化碳等廢氣，把大氣弄臟了，使地球像在大熱天穿了一件臟棉襖，體溫不斷地升高;人類生活在地球上，地球環(huán)境為我們創(chuàng)造了豐富的物質(zhì)財(cái)富。但是，隨著社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，人類的有些活動(dòng)對環(huán)境產(chǎn)生了不良的影響，甚至是破壞，如環(huán)境的污染、自然資源的枯竭、水土流失等等。這些環(huán)境的破壞又反作用于人類，產(chǎn)生危害人體健康、影響人類生產(chǎn)、生活、生存的種種問題，就是環(huán)境問題。
　　參考譯文：
　　關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻
　　James McCarthy的名字和他的一篇關(guān)于全球變暖的文章在美聯(lián)社的新聞報(bào)道一出現(xiàn)，他就開始收到來自同行們的侮辱性的郵件。McCarthy是一名哈佛大學(xué)的海洋學(xué)研究學(xué)者，主要研究氣候的變化對海洋生物的影響，上周，他在美聯(lián)網(wǎng)表示說：“并不是預(yù)測不精確，而是情況不會(huì)那么糟。因?yàn)槲覀儾粫?huì)那么愚蠢的。”他說，鋪天蓋地的質(zhì)問都是關(guān)于“你是什么意思?我們不可能那么愚蠢吧!你看看周圍是什么樣子啊。”
　　對這個(gè)問題的回答將關(guān)系到地球上大多數(shù)生物的命運(yùn)。上周，兩個(gè)事件的發(fā)生，使得2007 成為人類對于全球變暖的控制作出努力的轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。在星期一，以5比4的投票最高法院裁決聯(lián)邦政府有權(quán)通過凈化空氣法案來控制車輛的二氧化碳排放。環(huán)境保護(hù)主義者們的這一勝利迅速被布什總統(tǒng)抹殺。布什在第二天的講話中表示，他的政府對此項(xiàng)規(guī)定毫無興趣。但是這項(xiàng)裁決第一次明確的把二氧化碳作為對人類的幸福的威脅，并且為通過嚴(yán)格節(jié)能的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來控制二氧化碳的排放開辟了道路。星期五，氣候變化跨政府小組匯集了來自74個(gè)國家的約1000名科學(xué)家的調(diào)查研究，發(fā)表了一篇等待已久的關(guān)于氣候變化的影響、適應(yīng)性與弱點(diǎn)的報(bào)告。研究表明，全球變暖已經(jīng)影響到了地球的生態(tài)系統(tǒng);并且預(yù)測，持續(xù)的氣候變化加之污染和都市化的加劇帶給環(huán)境的壓力，將會(huì)導(dǎo)致更加嚴(yán)重的，更加廣范圍的干旱，和更多的沿海和沿江城市被水淹沒;百分之二十到三十的植物和動(dòng)物面臨更加嚴(yán)重的滅絕的危險(xiǎn)。根據(jù)溫度的上升值，在溫度適合的地區(qū)糧食的產(chǎn)量可能會(huì)有所增加，但是，在絕大多數(shù)熱帶地區(qū)產(chǎn)量會(huì)下降。
　　至少從去年開始，國會(huì)的選舉就已經(jīng)明確2007將會(huì)是對于前副總統(tǒng)戈?duì)査粲醯摹暗厍蛭C(jī)”的至關(guān)重要的一年。全國環(huán)保信托組織表示有六個(gè)關(guān)于控制溫室效應(yīng)的法案已經(jīng)或者正準(zhǔn)備向參議院提出。一些已經(jīng)在降低酸雨的污染方面表現(xiàn)的卓有成效的以市場為基礎(chǔ)的排放權(quán)交易系統(tǒng)是一定可以通過這次的國會(huì)審議的。NET 主席Phil Clapp說：“現(xiàn)在關(guān)鍵是，布什總統(tǒng)是否同意這個(gè)意義深遠(yuǎn)的法案。但是，若這一屆的國會(huì)不通過，下一屆的國會(huì)，下一屆的總統(tǒng)肯定會(huì)簽署的。關(guān)于這個(gè)議題，我們已經(jīng)努力了十年了，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)進(jìn)入最后階段了。”　　