考研英語圖畫作文的語言策略2
3.巧用句型
3.1 There be句型
圖畫作文中,描述圖畫常常使用there be句型。there be句型的結構為:There be +名詞+地點,表達“某地方有某物”。這個句型有不足之處:be動詞過于單調,名詞前缺修飾。因此,there be句型有兩個巧變策略,第一,靈活使用謂語動詞替換be動詞;第二,使用不同的量詞組合修飾名詞。
第一,謂語動詞替換be動詞。例如:
(1)There stands+(量詞)名+(形容詞)地點
(2)There exists+(量詞)名詞+(形容詞)地點
(3)There lies +(量詞)名詞+(形容詞)地點
(4)There sits+(量詞)名詞+(形容詞)地點
(5)There vividly describes+(量詞)名+(形容詞)地點
例如,2000年真題A Brief History of World Commercial Fishing,描寫兩幅圖的特點:“海里有很多魚”“海里有很多船”,采用基本there be句型,如下:
a.There were a lot of fishes in the sea.
b.There were a lot of boats in the sea.
如果靈活使用中間的動詞,并會寫高級量詞就不一樣,可改寫為:
a.In 1900, there existed a variety of fishes in the sea.
b.In 1900, there existed various kinds of boats in the sea.
there be的巧變句型應用到更多真題的圖畫描述中,使單調的there be句型變得生動起來。
There stands a charming American girl in the picture above.(2002年真題)
There stands a pot of fresh flower in a warm and comfortable room. (2003年真題)
There stand two soccer players in a football field. (2007年真題)
There sit a large number of youngsters at their computers.(2009年真題)
There lie a variety of foods in a large hot pot. (2010年真題)
第二,當涉及名詞數量時,常見的表達有a lot of, many, much, more and more,其實表述數量的寫法有很多,a large number of(很多),a growing number of(越來越多),a variety of(各式各樣),various kinds of(各式各樣),同樣的意思,可使用多種表達方式。如表所示:
我們如果進行寫作對比,就能看到使用巧變句型與不用之間的差異,例如:
It is vividly illustrated in the upper cartoon that a lot of fishes were swimming freely in the sea, while only one fishing boat was catching them in 1900. On the contrary, many boats were fishing the only one fish in 1995.(2000年"商業捕魚"真題)
在上述句子中,a lot of和many使這句話平實許多。下面利用there be句型,量詞組合,再用so…that…句型,就可潤色修改為:
It is vividly illustrated in the upper cartoon,in 1900, there existed a large number of fishes in the vast ocean while only one fishing boat was catching them. In 1995, on the contrary, there lied a growing number of fishing boats, and the number of fishes decreased so sharply that only one of them left.
參考譯文:以上圖片生動描繪了,1900年,海洋中有大量的魚類,只有一艘捕魚船。相反,到1995年,出現了越來越多的捕魚船,魚的數量急劇下降,只剩一條魚。
3.2 例舉句型
近10年真題中,圖畫人物的數量出現了以下情況:單人單物體描述5次(1998年、2001年、2002年、2004年、2010年),雙人描述4次(2006年、2007年、2008年、2012年),多人多物出現過3次(2005年、2009年、2011年)。描寫圖畫中多于一個以上的人或物時,一些看似不起眼的例舉句型,只要學會巧用,作文就有亮光。常見的例舉句型有:
(1)either+名詞 or+名詞+動詞(或者……或者……)
(2)Neither of +名詞(你也不……我也不……)
(3)None of them+動詞(三者以上都不……)
(4)Some+動詞,while others+動詞,some few doing(一些……, 另一些,還有幾個……)
(5)one+動詞,while the other+動詞(一個……而另一個……)
描述多人圖畫時可以用Some……,while others……,some few ……(一些……, 另一些,還有幾個……)結構,解決常見主語people, some people, we, someone的泛濫問題。例如:
There stands three sons and a daughter in the picture above. Some of them are surrounding their father, while others kick him back and forth like a football, because none of them is willing to take care of him. (2005年"足球賽"真題)
參考譯文:三個兒子和一個女兒圍著他們可憐的父親,把他像足球一樣踢來踢去,因為誰也不想照顧自己的父親。
Some are playing computer games, while others are chatting on line, some few searching for information.(2009年"網絡的近與遠"真題)
參考譯文:圖畫中的年輕人有的在打電腦游戲,有的在網上聊天,還有的在搜集信息。
如果出現兩人或兩幅圖畫時,可以用例舉的句型both of them, neither of them, one, while the other等,安排兩個并列的主語。例如:
One of them paints on his face the name of a football star, while the other pays as much as 300 RMB for Beckham's hairstyle. (2006年"追星"真題)
參考譯文:一個年輕人把足球明星的名字寫在臉上,而另一個年輕人為了貝克漢姆的發型就花了300塊錢。
But neither of them is afraid of difficulty. Both of them are walking forward, shoulder to shoulder.(2008年"合作"真題)
參考譯文:兩個年輕人都不怕困難,他們肩并肩向前走。
3.3 巧用not only, but also 句型
句型not only…,but also….后面常加一個名詞或者一個形容詞,的確有些"大材小用",經過變形,not only,but also可以有以下三種巧用方法:
第一,控制主語,將not only 放在句首,使句子倒裝:Not only will sb./sth. +動詞,but sb./sth. will also+動詞。
第二,控制賓語:主語+謂語+not only+名詞1,but also+名詞2。
第三,連接多個賓語,結合such…as…句型。主語+謂語+not only+名詞1,but also+名詞2 and such benefits (problems)as+名詞3。
例如:
Not only will they waste much time that should have been spent on their study and work, but their everyday life will probably go upside down, with their food uneaten, sleep lost or homework undone.(2006年"追星"真題)
參考譯文:他們浪費了很多本來應該花在工作和學習上的時間,正常生活顛倒,不吃飯、不睡覺、不做作業。
In order to gain confidence and achieve success, we not only need to attain a thorough understanding of our own merits and disadvantages of ourselves, but also those aspects of our opponents. (2007年"自信"真題)
為了獲得信心和成功,我們不僅需要徹底了解自己的優缺點,還要了解我們的對立面。
Love can bring people not only material support, but also mental comfort and such benefits as spiritual back-up.(2001年"愛心"真題)
參考譯文:愛心可以給人帶來物質支持、情感撫慰和精神支柱。
總之,考研英語語言方面需要平時多積累,多讀多背歷年的經典范文,摘抄其中的精彩詞匯、詞組、句型、精辟觀點,并加以模仿,為己所用;從詞法和句法兩個角度,同樣的意思不同的表達方式,會產生不同的效果。
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