2019英語專四作文范文：城鄉差距

　　2019英語專四作文形式為題材性話題作文，答題時間45分鐘，分值為20分。復習英語專四作文基礎階段可以多借鑒范文中的優秀例句及行文結構，為日后復習做好儲備。

　　題目解析：

　　城市化的原因：

　　?人口增加和移民(an unprecedented population growth and migration)造成基礎設備不足(devoid of basic amenities),導致原有的基礎經費不足，城市條件惡化(urban decay),于是城市居民開 始遷居城外，導致城市的擴展;

　　?隨著經濟的發展和家庭收人的提高(strong economy and increasing household incomes),人們 開始喜歡低密度的住宅區(strong preference for lower-density housing);同時，由于人們可以 支付得起汽車等交通的費用(able to afford the automobile),這也使得人們更易遷居城外;

　　?城市規劃不當(bad city planning)導致道路的建設和基礎設施的擴建(construction of roads and the provision of infrastructure)與地區統籌發展不協調(unplanned development),最終使得城市 居民遷居城外。

　　城市化所造成的影響：

　　?環境影響(environmental impact)：郊區的景觀千篇一律(monotonous suburban landscapes);空 氣污染,有害健康(ill-health due to air pollution generated by traffic);

　　?社會影響(social impact):城市人口流動增大(high mobility)會導致犯罪率的上升(a surge in the crime rate),人們不會有社區的感覺(sense of community),人與人之間的關系比較短暫 (abbreviated),社區的團結和價值不復存在(loss of community spirit and values);

　　?經濟影響(economic impact):在郊區建設基礎設施導致政府財政壓力(adverse fiscal impacts),對基礎設施的要求不能夠被滿足(unmet demand on infrastructure);交通堵塞(traffic congestion )影響工作效率，延誤商品和服務的輸送(delay the delivery of goods and services)。

　　范文

　　Of those issues that have concerned the government, academics and the  public throughout the world, urban sprawl is one of the most prominent. There are conflicting views toward this growing trend. While it has been taken as a positive development in many newly emerging cities, it is increasingly perceived as a threat to rural environment and considered as a trigger for numerous urban problems. The objective of this essay is to evaluate the forces behind this trend and its consequences.

　　Population growth is widely recognized as the primary reason. The room in the city centre is so limited that it fails to provide enough housing to accommodate an ever-growing population. Another problem that has intensified in the inner city is infrastructure shortage and poor conditions of buildings. Lack amenities, such as water and electricity supply, waste disposal, swage treatment, to name but a few, has left no choice to urban dwellers but to resettle in the suburbs, where they have easier access to new facilities.

　　City dwellers are not always moving outward unwillingly. The continued increase in household incomes gives renewed impetus to urban development. People nowadays have higher expectations for quality of life and a growing appetite for lower-density housing with a larger open space. It is possibly the main reason why the real estate market has its focus now on the outskirts of the city, but not on the centre. In the meantime, the affordability and ubiquity of car ownership has made transport a less serious concern for those living in suburbs. They can commute daily between the place of work and the place of residence with ease.

　　The sustained expansion of cities will make a marked impact on the society in several dimensions. The high traffic volume between suburbs and urban areas would cause severe air pollution and reduce the lands suitable for farming. Urban sprawl requires large developments, causing areas to lose some of their unique qualities and characteristics. From the economic perspective, the relocation of a high population in suburbs will pose adverse fiscal impacts on the local government in infrastructure construction. To those who used to live in suburbs, the inflow of new inhabitants would damage the community spirit and make relations between neighbours fragile.

　　Urban sprawl is, therefore, a trend which has a strong effect on the environment, communities and government budgeting. When urban decay and citizens' desire for higher standard of living make this trend irreversible, the emphasis should be placed on planned and sustainable development.

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