寫作題目

　　The world is experiencing a dramatic increase in population. This is causing problems not only for poor, undeveloped countries, but also for industrialized and developing countries. Describe some of the problems that overpopulation causes, and suggest at least one possible solution. Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.

　　In the rst part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.

　　Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks .

　　寫作思路

　　本題屬于“問題解決型”，這類文章一般由三部分構成：問題、原因、解決方法或是問題、后果、解決方法。根據審題可知，本題要求的是先分析人口過多造成的問題，再提出建議。人口爆炸問題已經引起了世界各國的關注，相關內容相信大家都非常熟悉，一般不會有嚴重的偏題情況出現，但這里要提醒大家注意題目中以下兩個詞組：some of the problems以及at least one possible solution，也就是說，人口過多造成的問題一定要兩個及兩個以上，解決方法也至少要提出一條。

　　On Population Explosion

　　The human race has experienced a consistent increase in population since the beginning of its history. Too many people are added annually to the population of the world. Famine and diseases have done little to offset this steady increase. In this essay, both the results of having more people and solutions to the critical population problem will be studied carefully.

　　In poor countries, it is dif cult to provide enough food to feed even the present number of people. In addition, education to limit the number of children per family is not always successful. Poorer countries usually have a lot of unemployment too, and an increase in population simply makes the situation worse.

　　In rich, industrialized and developing countries, it is very dif cult for governments to provide effective public services in overcrowded cities. Moreover, there is usually a great deal of crime, which is often due to high rates of unemployment. Further large increase in population only causes more overcrowding, unemployment and crime.

　　Besides, overpopulation is the major reason for water, soil and air pollution. It is also often the cause of starvation and even wars. In my opinion, there are two main weapons to fight against the population problem. The most important weapon we have to ght population growth is education. This should start at a very early age, i.e. before children even go to school. TV cartoons and children’s programs can be used to educate the very young. At high school level, students can be taught about the problem more directly. At university level, scholarships should be made available to students who wish to study further in this field. International exchange groups may also help to increase awareness. The second weapon is birth control, every woman who is pregnant, but who does not want to give birth, should be allowed by law to have an abortion.

　　In China, couples are penalized financially if they have more than one child. This may seem cruel, but the “one-child policy” is beginning to have an effect in the world’s most populous nation. Eventually, similar policies might also be necessary in other crowded nations such as India, for example.

　　The world’s population may reach 8.7 billion in 2033. If the population explosion continues, many more people will die of starvation in poor countries, and life in the cities, even in af uent nations, will become increasingly dif cult. Facing such a serious situation, we must make every effort to nd a way out so as to save the mankind and save the world.

　　★用詞亮點

　　offset：補償，抵消

　　abortion：墮胎

　　penalize：判罰

　　populous：人口稠密的

　　affluent：富裕的

　　★句式亮點

　　Moreover, there is usually a great deal of crime, which is often due to high rates of unemployment.

　　本句包含which引導的非限制性定語從句，其中which指代的是整個主句，即there is usually a great deal of crime。本句句意為：此外，（那些發達國家）有很多的犯罪活動，這通常都是 由高失業率造成的。

　　If the population explosion continues, many more people will die of starvation in poor countries, and life in the cities, even in affluent nations, will become increasingly difficult.

　　本句為條件狀語從句。在主句中，作者使用and連接的并列句，介紹了如果人口爆炸持續下去的話，在貧窮國家和富裕國家會造成的不同后果，這樣的分類集中于一個句子中，不僅可以使得論述完整，而且結構上也更為緊湊。本句句意為：如果人口爆炸繼續下去的話，那么在貧窮的國家，更多人都將餓死，而在城市中人們的生活也將愈加困難 ，即使是在富裕的國家也是如此。

　　★篇章亮點

　　本文結構清晰，語言言簡意賅。第一段提出人口爆炸這一社會現狀 ，由此引出主題句 ：Therefore, both the causes of population increase and the results of having more people are worth careful study. 在接下來的兩段中，作者詳細分析了人口爆炸所帶來的問題，值得注意的是，作者按照地域將這部分內容分為兩類：貧窮國家和富裕國家，并分別展開討論，這顯然是考慮到人口爆炸這一問題在貧窮國家和富裕國家所產生的后果是不同的，這一分類使得全文的論述更為細致有序。從篇幅可以看出，作者將重點放在了提出建議這部分。作者一共提出兩條建議：教育和控制出生人口。在教育方面，作者又將其細分為小學階段、高中階段、大學階段以及國際交流層面；在控制出生人口方面，作者主要舉了在中國實行計劃生育的例子。可見，分類論證和舉例論證是本文所采用的兩大論證方式，尤其是分類論證，在考生的作文 中并不多見，是本文的一大特色。

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