實例講解托福綜合寫作要點及備考策略
托福范文TOEFL寫作欄目老師介紹:新托福綜合寫作部分主要考察了學生聽寫能力,也就是綜合能力,它要求考生利用聽到的材料和閱讀材料進行寫作,所以說它的重要性不言而喻。具體會要求我們先花3分鐘的時間讀一篇300字左右的文章,之后聽一段相關的材料,最后根據聽到的內容和閱讀材料寫出一篇180-225個字之間的文章。
簡單來說,綜合寫作就是對閱讀和聽力的歸納總結。但是這看似簡單的歸納總結,對大部分同學來說卻是一個不小的挑戰,尤其是自認為聽力不好的同學。今天我們就來看看新托福有哪些寫作要點。
閱讀和聽力的關系一般是相反的
根據對以往托福考試中綜合寫作的分析,可以得出這樣一條規律,聽力總是會反駁閱讀的內容,而且聽力和閱讀材料肯定是對同一話題的討論。比如TPO第一套的綜合寫作,閱讀主要是說四天工作制對于公司、經濟、雇員有好處,聽力中主要論證的是四天工作制對于這三者沒好處。
閱讀和聽力文章的內容形式是一定的
縱觀TPO綜合寫作的文章,不難發現,不論是閱讀還是聽力都是給出一個主題句,之后用三個論點進行論證。而且閱讀中的論點和聽力中的論點是對應的,聽力中分別對閱讀論點加以反駁。
根據以上總結出來的規律作為依據,我們在聽力不好的情況下,通過閱讀文章進行對聽力的預測和判斷,依然可以得到重要的信息。
策略一:找出閱讀的主旨句,推斷聽力的主旨句
根據以上兩個依據,我們可以得出結論:聽力基本上是反駁閱讀的內容。所以我們找出閱讀主旨句的同時,就可以推測出來聽力的主旨句。以TPO1為例。
In the United States, employees typically work five days a week for eight hours each day. However, many employees want to work a four-day week and are willing to accept less pay in order to do so. A mandatory policy requiring companies to offer their employees the option of working a four-day workweek for four-fifths (80 percent) of their normal pay would benefit the economy as a whole as well as the individual companies and the employees who decided to take the option.(TPO1)
通過分析TPO1綜合寫作的閱讀文章,可以得出以上第一段劃線部分為整篇文章的主旨句。通過逆襲依據一,我們可以推測出聽力中的主旨句應為此句的反面。讓我們來看一下聽力中的主旨句是否如此。
Offering employees the option of a four-day workweek won’t affect the company profits, economic conditions or the lives of employees in the ways the reading suggests.
聽力中的第一段就驗證了我們的推測,四天工作制不會對公司、經濟、雇員有好處。因此,在聽力聽不懂的情況下,我們依然可以通過閱讀文章得出聽力的主旨句。
策略二:找出閱讀的論點句,推斷出聽力的論點
通過逆襲策略二,我們可以得出,閱讀和聽力都是由三個論點來支持主旨句,因此在總結聽力內容時,三個論點也是我們要找的重要信息。在聽力聽不懂的情況下,我們能不能通過閱讀文章來推測出聽力的論點呢。首先來看一下閱讀文章的第二段。
The shortened workweek would increase company profits because employees would feel more rested and alert, and as a result, they would make fewer costly errors in their work. Hiring more staff to ensure that the same amount of work would be accomplished would not result in additional payroll costs because four-day employees would only be paid 80 percent of the normal rate. In the end, companies would have fewer overworked and error-prone employees for the same money, which would increase company benefits.
很顯然,這一段主要說明的是縮短的工作制對公司帶來了好處,增加了公司收益。如果按照逆襲依據一,我們就可以推測出聽力中肯定說的是沒有增加公司收益。下面來看一下聽力中的第一個論點。
First, offering a four-day workweek will probably force companies to spend more, possibly a lot more. Adding new workers means putting much more money into providing training and medical benefits. Remember the costs of things like health benefits can be the same whether an employee works four days or five. And having more employees also requires more office space and more computers. These additional costs would quickly cut into company profits.
聽力中很顯然論證的就是四天工作制減少了公司收益,讓公司花費更多。至于花費在什么地方了,那就是聽力中我們需要去記的細節了。即便在聽不懂的情況下,我們依然可以推測出聽力中的第一個論點。其他的論點也是如此。
以上就是我們托福范文TOEFL寫作欄目為大家整理的關于心托福寫作考試中的要點整理,希望大家看完有所了解!
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