托福寫作常用詞匯及易誤用詞匯整理
我們在平時備考托福寫作的時候,一定要多注意積累詞匯和短語表達,有了大量的詞匯積累后,再在寫作中嘗試著去應用。英語作文大全為大家整理了托福寫作中常用的詞匯,希望對大家備考有幫助。
一.托福寫作常用詞匯
1、合作:cooperate、join forces、make joint efforts、work side by side;
2、支持,贊成:uphold、agree with、in favor of、approve of;
3、優秀的:perfect、brilliant、first rank、first-class;
4、有益的、建設性的:useful、helpful、valuable、constructiv;
5、永遠的:eternal、perpetual、lasting throughout life;
6、過時的:outdated、outmoded、anachronistic、antiquated;
7、年輕人:young people、youth、youngster、young adult ;
8、短暫的:transitory、transient、ephemeral、short-lived ;
9、一些:a range of、a variety of、a series of、an array of ;
10、承認:admit、confes、acknowledge、concede;
11、利用:use、take advantage of ;
12、想法:frame of mind、mind set、the way one is thinking ;
13、支持:support、endorse、uphold、back up ;
14、不恰當:inappropriate、improper、unsuitable、inadequate;
15、偶爾:now and then、from time to time、at times;
16、合適:fit、suit、be suitable;
17、需要:require、need、demand、it is necessary for..to..;
18、解釋:tell、explain、spell out、say how;
19、初始的:preliminary ;
20、依序列舉:list in sequence。
以上是英語作文大全為大家整理的托福寫作常用詞匯,除了寫作常用詞匯外,我們還要注意常常被誤用的詞。
二.4組常被誤用的詞
1.compare與contrast的誤用
我們先從兩者的定義入手來看兩者的區別。Compare的定義為:to examine people or things to see how they are similar or different. Contrast的定義為:to compare two or more things to show the difference between them.由定義不難看出前者側重于找到兩個或多個事物的異同,而后者則側重于它們的不同。看個例句:
It is interesting to compare their situations to ours./It is interesting to contrast their situations to ours.
前一句翻譯為:對比一下我們的情況與他們的情況會很有趣。
后一句的翻譯為:我們的情況與他們的情況有很大的不同,這很有趣。
再看一個引自OXFORD ADBANCED LEARNER’S DICTIONARY的例子:
There is an obvious contrast between the culture of East and West.
The company lost $7 million in contrast to a profit of $6.2 million a year earlier.
When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-fashioned by contrast.
不難發現,Compare翻譯為“與。。。相比”而contrast可譯為“明顯不同的是。。。”,切記這種翻譯方式就不會用錯彼此了。
2.assume及claim使用不夠準確
我們知道, think, assume, claim是議論文中常用引出觀點的動詞。在實際作文中,同學們往往認為幾個詞的意思是一樣的,完全可以代換,所以拿過來就用。甚至還有同學把consider也拿過來與之混用。我們首先還是從定義來看這幾個詞的不同:
Think:to have opinion or belief about sth.
翻譯為“認為”,通常接賓語從句來表達比較確定的觀點。
Assume:to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof of it.
翻譯為“假設、假定”,是否有事實依據是不確定的。
Claim:to say sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believe it.
翻譯為“聲稱”,用這個詞往往意味著不贊同緊跟其后的觀點,所以很少用作‘I claim that…
Scientist are claiming a breakthrough in the fight against cancer, but in fact,…。
所以‘It is claimed that’通常翻譯為“有報道稱。。。”。和‘it is reported that’的區別在于后者翻譯為“據報道”,往往代表著作者贊同報告的內容,
Consider:to think about sth carefully, especially in order to make a decision
翻譯為“考慮”,一般不用作引出觀點,看個例子:
We are considering buying a new car.
所以,千萬不要在托福寫作的第一段(觀點表達段)就因為用詞把握不準而導致對整篇文章的低分印象。
3.表“建議”的詞匯后面忘記用虛擬從句
這是摘自學生托福作文中的一個病句:
I suggest he continues his study instead of working after graduation from high school.
因為‘suggest’翻譯為“建議”,所以后面的從句應該用虛擬語氣,黑體部分應該改為“(should) continue”
所以考生一定要牢記以下常見表“建議”的詞匯,而且要記住這些詞接從句時要用虛擬語氣:
Recommend, suggest, advise
4.such as與for example的混用
我們知道,在表示舉例子的時候,such as與like是完全等同的,如:Wild flowers such as/like orchids and primroses are becoming rare.
但是同學們對于Such as、for example的把握還是不夠準確。我們都知道,后者接句子前者接詞語表示舉例子。于是就有了下面的寫法:
There is a similar word in many languages, such as in French and Italian.
這里的such as改為for example為好,因為“in French and Italian”其實是“there is a similar word in French and Italian”的簡化,所以要用for example來引出例證。再來看幾個類似的例子:
It is possible to combine computer science with other subjects, for example physics.
以上是英語作文大全為大家整理的關于托福寫作常見詞匯的內容,希望對大家備考有幫助。大家在平時寫作練習中,除了積累一些寫作常用詞匯外,還要積累寫作的素材,組建寫作模板,這些對于寫作提升都是非常有幫助的。
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