英語(yǔ)短文：成功的秘訣在于犧牲睡眠

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　　Stories abound of business leaders who don't sleep much. Martha Stewart has claimed to sleep about four hours a night, as has Indra Nooyi, the CEO of PepsiCo (PEP). Her predecessor, Steve Reinemund, has gotten up around 5 a.m. to run 4 miles most mornings of his life after going to bed around 11. "I sleep normally between five, six hours," he said in an interview. "I've never gotten more." But it seems to be enough: "Most of the time I don't wake up with an alarm."
　　企業(yè)高管精力旺盛、每天睡眠時(shí)間很少，這樣的故事我們聽(tīng)得太多了?，斏?斯圖爾特自稱(chēng)每晚睡4小時(shí)，百事公司（PepsiCo）首席執(zhí)行官盧英德也一樣。盧英德的前任雷孟夫一直以來(lái)差不多每晚都是11點(diǎn)左右入睡，第二天一早5點(diǎn)左右就起床，跑上4英里。“我一般都睡5、6個(gè)小時(shí)，”他在一次接受采訪時(shí)說(shuō)。“沒(méi)睡過(guò)更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。”但似乎已經(jīng)足夠了：“大多時(shí)候，我都不需要鬧鈴，自己就會(huì)醒來(lái)。”

　　Is not needing much sleep a secret to success — giving people a chance to work long hours and still have a life?
　　少睡點(diǎn)是成功的秘訣嗎？因?yàn)樗蒙倬涂梢蚤L(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作，同時(shí)依然能夠保持個(gè)人生活？

　　Well, maybe. According to David Volpi, a sleep specialist and founder of Eos Sleep (formerly the Manhattan Snoring and Sleep Center), adults generally need six to eight hours a night. That means that some people, like Reinemund (now dean at the Wake Forest University Schools of Business), can do fine on just six hours. "If you get six hours a night and feel well-rested when you wake up and don't get tired throughout the day, that kind of tells you," he says. "Your body will tell you if you don't get enough sleep."
　　也許吧。Eos Sleep（前身即Manhattan Snoring and Sleep Center）的創(chuàng)始人、睡眠專(zhuān)家戴維沃爾皮稱(chēng)，成人通常每晚需要6-8小時(shí)的睡眠時(shí)間。這意味著有些人，像雷孟夫【現(xiàn)為維克森林大學(xué)（Wake Forest University）商學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)】，只睡6小時(shí)確實(shí)也可以。“如果你一晚上睡6小時(shí)，醒來(lái)時(shí)感覺(jué)休息好了，整天也不累，那就沒(méi)問(wèn)題，”他說(shuō)。“睡眠不足的話，身體自然會(huì)告訴你。”

　　The good news? If you do need eight hours, plenty of people have found ways to be successful and still sleep almost as much as the average American (who, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics' American Time Use Survey, is clocking 8.67 hours of sleep on an average day).
　　好消息是什么？好消息就是，就算你真的需要8小時(shí)睡眠，很多雖然每天睡眠的時(shí)間達(dá)到了美國(guó)人的均水平【美國(guó)勞動(dòng)統(tǒng)計(jì)局（Bureau of Labor Statistics）的美國(guó)人時(shí)間利用調(diào)查顯示，美國(guó)人平均每天睡8.67個(gè)小時(shí)】，但他們同樣找到了成功之道。

　　Mana Ionescu runs Lightspan Digital, a Chicago-based digital marketing company. As an entrepreneur, she thought she should sleep less and work more. "Somehow people find it heroic to not sleep and brag about it too," she says. But then "I got behind the wheel after a night without sleep and got into a fender bender."
　　曼納伊奧尼斯古經(jīng)營(yíng)著芝加哥一家數(shù)字營(yíng)銷(xiāo)公司Lightspan Digital。作為一個(gè)企業(yè)家，她認(rèn)為自己應(yīng)該減少睡眠時(shí)間，增加工作時(shí)間。“不知怎么回事，人們認(rèn)為不睡覺(jué)很了不起，還喜歡到處吹噓，”她說(shuō)。但后來(lái)，“經(jīng)過(guò)一個(gè)無(wú)眠夜之后，我開(kāi)車(chē)出了個(gè)小事故。”

　　The accident wasn't major, "but I wasted many hours of my life as a result." She's practiced good sleep hygiene ever since, going to bed at 11 and waking up at 7. "Everything has changed," she says. "I am able to work more, decisions are easier to make, business is easier to close. I've been running half marathons and solved problems that before seemed almost impossible to solve." In other words, she's making better use of her hours, even if she's awake for fewer of them.
　　事故并不嚴(yán)重，“但浪費(fèi)了我很多時(shí)間”。從此以后，她一直堅(jiān)持良好的睡眠習(xí)慣，每晚11點(diǎn)上床，早上7點(diǎn)起床。“從此，一切都不同了，”她說(shuō)。“現(xiàn)在我可以完成更多的工作，更容易下決斷，更容易達(dá)成業(yè)務(wù)。能跑完半程馬拉松，能解決過(guò)去似乎不可能解決的問(wèn)題。”換言之，現(xiàn)在她能更好地利用時(shí)間，盡管她醒著的時(shí)間減少了。

　　Jane Glazer, who owns QCI Direct, a multi-title catalog firm with 100 employees, is usually in bed by 10:30 pm and up around 6:30 am. While there's always the temptation to answer one more email before bed, "you can't function and lead a company being sleep deprived," she says. "In the early years of my business, I did try to get by with less, but I quickly learned I would burn out by mid-afternoon."
　　簡(jiǎn) 格雷澤擁有一家員工100人的目錄公司QCI Direct。她通常每晚10點(diǎn)半上床睡覺(jué)，早上6點(diǎn)半左右起床。雖然臨睡前她總是忍不住想再多回一封郵件，但“睡眠不足肯定沒(méi)法正常工作，也沒(méi)法領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一家公司，”她說(shuō)。“剛開(kāi)始創(chuàng)業(yè)的時(shí)候，我確實(shí)嘗試過(guò)減少睡眠，但很快就意識(shí)到，這樣一來(lái)，到了下午會(huì)精力不支。”

　　As for people who claim they only need four hours? "With the billions of people in the world, there are, I'm sure, people that only need four hours of sleep," Volpi says. "But that would be the exception to the rule."
　　那么，那些聲稱(chēng)只需睡4小時(shí)的人呢？“全球有幾十億人，肯定有只需要4小時(shí)睡眠的人，”沃爾皮說(shuō)。“但他們只是屬于特例。”

　　It's unlikely that these freaks of nature have all congregated on Wall Street and in the executive ranks of Fortune 500 companies. "I think it's just macho," he says. Or whatever the female version of macho is.
　　要說(shuō)這些怪人都集中在了華爾街和財(cái)富500強(qiáng)公司的高管隊(duì)伍中，那也不太可能。他說(shuō)：“我認(rèn)為這只是充好漢。”當(dāng)然，對(duì)于女性，可能得換個(gè)說(shuō)法。

　　According to the 2007 National Sleep Foundation poll, which focused on women's sleep habits, mothers who work full-time and have school aged children claim to spend less than six hours in bed per weeknight. But according to the American Time Use Survey, which relies on time logs rather than memories of typical nights, such women slept an average of around eight hours per night when you include weekends (which means that, unless women sleep 13 hours a night on weekends, they're sleeping more than six on weeknights too).
　　美國(guó)睡眠基金會(huì)（National Sleep Foundation）2007年一項(xiàng)關(guān)注女性睡眠習(xí)慣的調(diào)查顯示，有學(xué)齡子女并全職工作的母親們自稱(chēng)周一至周五每晚睡眠時(shí)間不足6小時(shí)。但根據(jù)美國(guó)人時(shí)間利用調(diào)查（它的依據(jù)是時(shí)間記錄，而不是對(duì)某些典型夜晚的回憶），如果算上周末，這些女性每晚睡眠的時(shí)間平均在8小時(shí)左右（這意味著除非這些女性周末睡上13個(gè)小時(shí)，否則她們周一至周五每晚睡眠時(shí)間肯定都超過(guò)了6個(gè)小時(shí)）。

　　You can chalk the disconnect up to a competitive culture, says Cali Williams Yost, owner of Work + Life Fit, Inc., which consults with companies on organizational issues. "Like taking all of your vacation, for some reason, wanting and getting sleep symbolizes a less than 100% commitment not only to your job but your family," she says.
　　企業(yè)組織事宜咨詢公司W(wǎng)ork + Life Fit, Inc.的所有人凱利威廉姆斯尤斯特稱(chēng)，這兩項(xiàng)調(diào)查結(jié)果的差異可以歸結(jié)為競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性文化。“由于某種原因，想睡覺(jué)或在睡覺(jué)就跟足額休假一樣，似乎就代表人們并沒(méi)有百分之一百地投入到事業(yè)和家庭中。”

　　"Assuming there are some people who truly don't need sleep, I think everyone else who boasts about how little shut eye they require either has convinced themselves it doesn't matter … or they have untreated sleep disorders and they've reframed not being able to fall asleep or stay asleep as normal when, in fact, they could sleep if they got help." Then they might enjoy the rest of their 16 to 18 hours per day a bit more.
　　“假定有些人真的不需要睡眠，我想，除此之外，其他自稱(chēng)睡得少的人要么是相信少睡點(diǎn)確實(shí)沒(méi)影響……要么是睡眠有問(wèn)題，無(wú)法正常入睡，或者入睡后經(jīng)常醒來(lái)，而真實(shí)情況是，如果獲得幫助，他們也能正常睡覺(jué)。”或許這樣一來(lái)，每天不睡覺(jué)的那其余16-18個(gè)小時(shí)，他們能夠享受到更多的生活樂(lè)趣。