高考英語作文常用修辭手法
高考英語作文常用修辭手法
文章最忌語言枯燥無味,一篇好的作文,語言應該生動形象。而恰當地運用修辭手法,可以使文字新鮮活潑、具體逼真,大大增強藝術表現力,擴大語言表達的范圍;而且還可以激發讀者的想象,給人留下深刻的印象。下面介紹一些英語作文中常用的修辭手法。
1. 比喻 (metaphor)
比喻就是打比方。可分為明喻和暗喻:
明喻 (simile):
用like, as, as...as, as if(though) 或用其他詞語指出兩個不同事物的相似之處。例如:
O my love’s like a red, red rose. 我的愛人像一朵紅紅的玫瑰花。
The man can’t be trusted. He is as slippery as an eel. 那個人不可信賴。他像鰻魚一樣狡猾。
He jumped as if he had been stung.他像被蜇了似的跳了起來。
Childhood is like a swiftly passing dream. 童年就像一場疾逝的夢。
暗喻 (metaphor):
用一個詞來指代與該詞所指事物有相似特點的另外一個事物。例如:
He has a heart of stone. 他有一顆鐵石心腸。
The world is a stage. 世界是一個大舞臺。
2. 換喻(metonymy)
用某一事物的名稱代替另外一個與它關系密切的事物的名稱,只要一提到其中一種事物,就會使人聯想到另一種。比如用the White House 代替美國政府或者總統, 用the bottle來代替wine 或者alcohol, 用the bar 來代替the legal profession,用 crown代替 king等。例如:
His purse would not allow him that luxury. 他的經濟條件不允許他享受那種奢華。
The mother did her best to take care of the cradle. 母親盡最大努力照看孩子。
He succeeded to the crown in 1848. 他在1848年繼承了王位。
3. 提喻 (synecdoche)
指用部分代表整體或者用整體代表部分,以特殊代表一般或者用一般代表特殊。例如:
He earns his bread by writing. 他靠寫作掙錢謀生。
The farms were short of hands during the harvest season. 在收獲季節里農場缺乏勞動力。
Australia beat Canada at CRIcket. 澳大利亞隊在板球比賽中擊敗了加拿大隊。
He is the Newton of this century. 他是這個世紀的牛頓。
4. 擬人 (personification)
把事物或者概念當作人或者具備人的品質的寫法叫擬人。例如:
My heart was singing. 我的心在歌唱。
This time fate was smiling to him. 這一次命運朝他微笑了。
The flowers nodded to her while she passed. 當她經過的時候花兒向她點頭致意。
The wind whistled through the trees. 風穿過樹叢,樹葉嘩嘩作響。
5. 委婉 (euphemism)
用溫和的、間接的詞語代替生硬的、粗俗的詞語,以免直接說出不愉快的事實冒犯別人或者造成令人窘迫、沮喪的局面。例如:
用to fall asleep; to cease thinking; to pass away; to go to heaven; to leave us 代替 to die
用senior citizens代替old people
用 a slow learner或者an under achiever代替a stupid pupil
用weight watcher代替 fat people
用mental hospital 代替 madhouse或者 asylum
用emotionally disturbed代替mad
用washroom, men’s / women’s room代替 lavatory
用 handicapped代替 CRIppled
用low income brackets; underprivileged; disadvantaged 代替 poor people
6. 雙關 (pun)
用同音異義或者一詞二義來達到詼諧幽默的效果:表面上是一個意思,而實際上卻暗含另一個意思,這種暗含的意思才是句子真正的目的所在。例如:
A cannonball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (arms可指手臂或者武器)
一發炮彈打斷了他的腿,所以他繳械投降了。
“Can I try on that gown in the window?” asked a would-be customer.
“Certainly not, madam!” replied the salesman. 我可以試穿一下櫥窗里的那件睡袍嗎?或者:我可以在櫥窗里試穿那件睡袍嗎?
Seven days without water make one weak (week). 七天沒有水使一個人虛弱。或者:七天沒有水就是一周沒有水。
7. 反語 (irony)
使用與真正意義相反的詞,正話反說或者反話正說,從對立的角度運用詞義來產生特殊的效果。下面就是莎士比亞的戲劇 Julius Caesar 中的一個運用反語的很好的例子,Brutus出于野心刺殺了 Caesar, Caesar 的好友Antony 譏諷Brutus 說:
Here, under leave of Brutus and the rest—
For Brutus is an honorable man;
So are they all, all honorable men—
Come I to speak in Caesar’s funeral.
He was my friend, faithful and just to me:
But Brutus says he was ambitious;
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