中歐應(yīng)共同維護(hù)基于規(guī)則的國(guó)際多邊貿(mào)易秩序。

China and the EU Have a Joint Responsibility to Uphold the Rules-based Multilateral Trade Order中歐應(yīng)共同維護(hù)基于規(guī)則的國(guó)際多邊貿(mào)易秩序
Zhang Ming張明 
News headlines these days seem to suggest that tension is running high. The US administration decided to impose steep tariffs on steel and aluminum imports. President Trump is seeking to take actions on up to US$60 billion worth of Chinese products. Fears of a potential trade war caused financial markets to respond nervously, and have brought a greater sense of uncertainty to global economy.打開這些天的報(bào)紙，似乎總能聞到一股硝煙味兒。從美國(guó)政府決定對(duì)進(jìn)口鋼鋁產(chǎn)品征收懲罰性關(guān)稅，到對(duì)中國(guó)進(jìn)行301調(diào)查并威脅采取貿(mào)易和投資限制措施，再到公布擬加征關(guān)稅的多達(dá)500億美元的中國(guó)輸美商品清單，所謂“貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)將被引發(fā)”的猜測(cè)不絕于耳，在國(guó)際金融市場(chǎng)引發(fā)嚴(yán)重的不安情緒，也給全球經(jīng)濟(jì)帶來(lái)新的不確定性。 Let’s first get the facts straight. Most of American steel and aluminum imports are middle- and lower-end products for civilian purposes. Many WTO members, including the EU, have pointed out that their exports do not harm American national security at all. Separately, the Section 301 Report’s findings fail to reflect what is really happening in China, and the proposed actions disregard WTO rules and the wish of business communities. The US moves are typically unilateral and protectionist, and set a very bad precedent.實(shí)際情況是美國(guó)進(jìn)口鋼鋁的絕大部分是民用中低端產(chǎn)品，包括歐盟在內(nèi)的世界貿(mào)易組織成員均指出，其出口產(chǎn)品并未損害美國(guó)國(guó)家安全。美國(guó)對(duì)華進(jìn)行301調(diào)查并采取限制措施，更是無(wú)視事實(shí)、無(wú)視世貿(mào)組織規(guī)則、無(wú)視廣大業(yè)界呼聲，是典型的單邊主義和貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義做法，開了一個(gè)非常惡劣的先例。
Let’s then put it into a global perspective. From GATT to WTO, the whole international community has a long-standing commitment to a multilateral trade system that is open, equitable and beneficial to all, to trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, and to common prosperity for all countries. This is why all WTO members commit to substantial tariff cuts. This is why, all members pledge, should any dispute or friction occur, not to seek unilateral actions that may heighten confrontation, and rather, to seek remedies through the dispute settlement system, observe its rules and its rulings.從締結(jié)關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定到組建世貿(mào)組織，國(guó)際社會(huì)的共同目標(biāo)就是通過(guò)實(shí)質(zhì)性削減關(guān)稅等措施，建立開放、公平、互惠的多邊貿(mào)易體制，推動(dòng)貿(mào)易投資自由化便利化，實(shí)現(xiàn)各國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的共同發(fā)展。為了解決貿(mào)易爭(zhēng)端和摩擦，世貿(mào)組織所有成員都鄭重承諾，“當(dāng)事各方不應(yīng)采取單邊行動(dòng)對(duì)抗，而是通過(guò)爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)制尋求救濟(jì)并遵守其規(guī)則及其所做出的裁決”。 However, the United States turns its back on these globally recognized rules and its own commitment. Its protectionist moves under the pretext of national security will undermine the credibility of the WTO-centered multilateral trade system, and the rules-based global trade order. If every player yields to might and gives up what is right, or even pursues its own interests at others’ expense, global trade would get out of order and return to “l(fā)aw of the jungle”. If that happens, everyone’s interests would be hurt, including the EU.美國(guó)無(wú)視這些規(guī)則和承諾，以維護(hù)國(guó)家安全之名，行貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義之實(shí)，勢(shì)必削弱以世貿(mào)組織為核心的多邊貿(mào)易體制的權(quán)威性，破壞基于規(guī)則的國(guó)際多邊貿(mào)易秩序。中國(guó)已決定采取同等力度、同等規(guī)模的措施，堅(jiān)決維護(hù)自身合法權(quán)益。如果我們犧牲原則而屈從強(qiáng)權(quán)，甚至以鄰為壑而謀求私利，最終結(jié)果就是國(guó)際貿(mào)易失去制度保障、重回叢林法則，受到損害的將是包括中國(guó)和歐盟在內(nèi)的國(guó)際社會(huì)各方利益。 WTO Director-General Roberto Azevêdo said that disrupting trade flows will jeopardize the global economy and that actions outside collective processes will greatly increase the risk of confrontation escalation. DG Azevêdo also called for restraint and urgent dialogue as the best path forward to resolve problems. I cannot agree with him more. China, as the second largest economy, will demonstrate a strong sense of responsibility and develop healthy trade ties with other players on the basis of mutual respect and mutual benefit. China will make unwavering efforts to build an open economy, and share benefits with others in the course of opening-up.正如世界貿(mào)易組織總干事阿維澤多所指出的，擾亂貿(mào)易往來(lái)將危害全球經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇，單邊行動(dòng)將大大增加對(duì)抗升級(jí)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，保持克制和進(jìn)行對(duì)話才是解決爭(zhēng)端的最佳途徑。中國(guó)作為世界第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體，將本著負(fù)責(zé)任態(tài)度，遵循相互尊重、互利互惠原則，維護(hù)與各方經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系的健康穩(wěn)定發(fā)展；也將堅(jiān)定不移地發(fā)展開放型經(jīng)濟(jì)，在開放中與各方分享機(jī)遇、實(shí)現(xiàn)共贏。 In a world of great uncertainties, a stable China-EU relationship is an invaluable asset. China and the EU, as major members of the WTO and each other’s comprehensive strategic partner, should take a clear stance against protectionism, jointly preserve the rules-based multilateral trade order, and keep the global economy on a sound and sustainable track. This is a joint responsibility of China and the EU. We must act together to make that happen.在充滿不確定因素的國(guó)際形勢(shì)中，中歐合作的穩(wěn)定性彌足珍貴。中國(guó)和歐盟同為世界貿(mào)易組織的重要成員，又是全面戰(zhàn)略伙伴，應(yīng)該攜起手來(lái)，旗幟鮮明地共同反對(duì)貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義，維護(hù)基于規(guī)則的國(guó)際多邊貿(mào)易秩序，維護(hù)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的持續(xù)向好勢(shì)頭。這是中歐的共同責(zé)任，也應(yīng)該成為中歐的共同行動(dòng)。

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