世衛組織總干事陳馮富珍女士在中醫現代化國際會議上的發表的主旨演講（中英對照版）

The Contribution of Traditional Chinese Medicine to Sustainable Development

中醫藥對可持續發展的貢獻

– Keynote Address at the International Conference on the Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine

——在中醫現代化國際會議上的主旨演講

Dr. Margaret Chan, Director-General of the World Health Organization

世界衛生組織總干事  陳馮富珍博士

Singapore, 23 October 2016

新加坡，2016年10月23日

Honourable ministers, distinguished participants, experts in traditional Chinese medicine, ladies and gentlemen,

尊貴的部長們，尊敬的與會者們，中醫藥領域的專家們，女士們，先生們：

Every country in the world, including an advanced nation like Singapore, needs to be concerned about the sustainability of its health services.

世界每個國家，包括像新加坡這樣的先進國家，都需要關注其衛生服務的可持續性問題。

Population ageing is now a universal trend, affecting rich and poor countries in every region of the world. The globalized marketing of unhealthy products has made chronic noncommunicable diseases, like heart disease, cancer, and diabetes, the leading killers worldwide.

人口老齡化是當今一種普遍趨勢，影響著世界各區域的富國與窮國。不健康產品的全球化營銷已使心臟病、癌癥和糖尿病等慢性非傳染性疾病成為全世界的主要殺手。

Economic growth and modernization, long associated with better health, are now creating conditions that leave more and more people living longer, sicker lives.

經濟增長和現代化長期以來都與更好的健康聯系在一起，而現在造成的局面是，越來越多的人雖然壽命延長了，卻處于不健康的狀態。

Most technology markets, like those for flat screen TVs and hand-held electronic devices, produce products that are progressively cheaper and easier to use. Not so for pharmaceuticals and medical devices, where new products are nearly always more expensive and more complex to use, often requiring specialized training.

大多數技術市場，如平板電視和手持電子設備市場，生產的產品越來越便宜和易于使用。但藥品和醫療器械市場卻不是這樣，這類市場的新產品幾乎總是更昂貴，使用起來更復雜，通常需要專門培訓。

Even the richest countries in the world cannot afford new treatments for common conditions like cancer and hepatitis C that cost from $50 000 to $150 000 per patient per year.

即使是世界最富裕的國家也負擔不起用于癌癥和丙型肝炎等常見病癥的新治療方法，這些療法的費用每名患者每年為5萬至15萬美元。

This trend is the opposite of sustainable development.

這種趨勢與可持續發展背道而馳。

At the same time, a growing number of countries are reforming their health systems with the aim of reaching universal health coverage, which is a key target under the Sustainable Development Goal for health.

與此同時，越來越多的國家正在改革其衛生系統，旨在實現全民健康覆蓋，這是可持續發展目標下的一個主要衛生相關具體目標。

In other words, countries are seeking to expand coverage with essential services at a time when consumer expectations for care are rising, costs are soaring, and most budgets are either stagnant or reduced.

換言之，在各國力求擴大基本服務覆蓋面的同時，消費者對醫護服務的期望在不斷上升，費用在飛漲，而多數預算則停滯或縮減。

Faced with this dilemma, and most especially the costs of treating lifestyle-related chronic diseases, many experts see a need to shift the model for health service delivery away from a strictly biomedical model, focused on individual diseases, towards a more holistic approach.

面對這種困境，特別是鑒于治療與生活方式相關的慢性疾病的費用，許多專家認為，需要將衛生服務的提供模式從注重個體疾病的嚴格生物醫學模式轉向更加全面的方法。

This is an approach that stresses prevention as well as cure, offers integrated services that address the multiple determinants of health, and asks people to take more responsibility for their own health.

這種方法不僅強調治療也強調預防，并且提供綜合服務以解決健康的多重決定因素，要求人們對自己的健康承擔更多責任。

Apart from the need to do more for prevention, some countries are looking for approaches that stop people with minor complaints from flooding waiting rooms at clinics and in emergency wards.

除了需要加強預防外，一些國家正在尋找辦法，以避免有小病小痛的人蜂擁到診所和急診室。

In Europe, for example, pharmacists are trained to deal with common aches, pains, sniffles, and other complaints. They focus on symptoms, not diseases, and dispense over-the-counter products, including herbal remedies, to address these symptoms. In other words, they act as gatekeepers.

例如，在歐洲，藥劑師經過培訓可以治療常見的各種疼痛、感冒和其它小病。他們關注的是癥狀，而不是疾病，并分發非處方產品，包括草藥，來治療這些癥狀。換句話說，他們充當守門人的角色。

This is one way to reduce the burden on health services. Traditional Chinese medicine is another.

這是減少衛生服務機構負擔的一種方法。另一種方法是中醫藥。

The World Health Organization welcomes this landmark conference on the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine. You seek, in particular, to give traditional medicine an evidence-based place within a health care system where mainstream modern medicine dominates.

世界衛生組織歡迎這次具有里程碑意義的中醫藥現代化會議。你們特別希望在主流現代醫學占主導地位的衛生保健系統中為傳統醫學提供一個有證據基礎的位置。

Your agenda says many things. You are looking at China’s experiences in clinics and hospitals where traditional and modern medicine offer integrated services, at the role of health services and policy research, and the use of biomedical knowledge to modernize traditional Chinese medicine.

此次會議議程的內容很多。你們要研究中國診所和醫院在提供中西醫結合服務方面的經驗，要審視衛生服務和政策研究的作用，并要討論如何利用生物醫學知識推動中醫藥現代化。

You are considering how more rigorous testing can meet the scientific standards needed for international recognition and acceptance. You are looking at the absolutely critical issue of safety, as demonstrated in well-designed clinical trials.

你們要考慮如何通過更嚴格的檢測來滿足為獲得國際認可和接受所必須的科學標準。從精心設計的臨床試驗可以看出，你們在考慮極其重要的安全性問題。

You are also looking at the performance of traditional Chinese medicine for specific indications, including digestive disorders, and giving attention to the two forms of traditional medicine most often used in modern health systems, namely acupuncture and herbal remedies.

你們還要查看中醫藥對特定適應癥（包括消化系統疾病）的效果，并關注針灸和草藥這兩種現代衛生系統中最常用的傳統醫學形式。

All of these approaches can contribute to the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine.

所有這些方法都可推動中醫藥現代化。

I am Chinese, and I have used traditional Chinese medicine throughout my lifetime. I have no doubt that these preparations soothe, treat many common ailments, and relieve pain.

作為中國人，我一直都使用傳統中藥。我毫不懷疑這些藥劑能緩解、治療許多常見疾病，并減輕疼痛。

But if I have a bad toothache, I go to the dentist.

但如果我牙痛難忍，我會去看牙醫。

Ladies and gentlemen,

女士們，先生們，

One approach when exploring the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine is to look at the shortcomings of modern medicine, both real and perceived. Paradoxically, these shortcomings have created a situation where traditional medicine meets a perceived need, yet earns a bad name at the same time.

在探討中醫藥現代化問題時，可以審視一下現代醫學的缺點，不論是真實的還是察覺到的。但奇怪的是，這些不足卻導致了一種局面，就是傳統醫學滿足了一種被很多人認可的需求，卻得了個壞名聲。

In wealthy countries, the public often reacts in a negative way to health care that is seen as over-medicalized and over-specialized, with the patient treated like a collection of specialized body-parts on an assembly line, instead of a whole person.

在富裕國家，公眾往往對過度醫療化和過度專業化的衛生保健有種消極反應，因為這類保健將患者當作裝配線上一種專門身體部位的集合體而非一個完整的人來對待。

People want more control over what is done to their bodies. They want to self-regulate their own health.

人們希望能更多地掌控對其身體所作的治療。他們希望對自己的健康進行自我調節。

As seen in the movement of vaccine refusal, science is often mistrusted, sometimes even vilified. Rumours spread via social media can carry more weight than hundreds of well-designed peer-reviewed research studies.

正如我們在拒絕疫苗接種的運動中所看到的，科學往往得不到信任，有時甚至遭到詆毀。通過社交媒體傳播的謠言可能比上百份精心編寫并獲得同行審評的研究報告更具影響力。

People are suspicious that powerful new drugs may have side effects that have either not yet been detected or were never honestly disclosed.

人們懷疑效力強大的新藥物可能具有尚未發現或從未誠實披露的副作用。

Some analysts attribute this dissatisfaction and mistrust to the system, the infrastructure, the training, the incentives, and the orientation of modern medical care.

一些分析師將這種不滿和不信任歸因于現代醫療保健的制度、基礎設施、培訓、獎勵措施以及導向。

In many countries, this system dictates that a doctor spend no more than around 20 minutes with each patient. In many outpatient clinics for primary care, the time spent with patients is 5 minutes or less.

在許多國家，現代醫療保健制度要求醫生用于每名患者的時間不得超過20分鐘。而在許多初級保健門診所，用于患者的時間僅5分鐘或更短。

During these few minutes, the doctor is expected to act, not talk, to order medicines, tests, and other interventions. This practice contrasts sharply with the approach used by traditional practitioners.

在這幾分鐘內，醫生要行動，不要說話，要就藥物、化驗以及其它干預作出處方。這種做法與傳統醫學從業者的方法形成鮮明對比。

Moreover, the number of doctors practicing family medicine continues to shrink dramatically in favour of more, and better-paid, specialists and sub-specialists.

此外，從事家庭醫學的醫生數量繼續大幅減少，而出現了更多報酬更高的?？漆t生和亞專科醫生。

Family physicians are a vanishing profession right at the time when the rise of noncommunicable diseases makes their skills essential for prevention and the continuity of sometimes life-long care.

隨著目前非傳染性疾病日益增多，家庭醫生的技能對于這類疾病的預防和有時持續終生的連續護理至關重要，但這一職業卻正在消失。

The phenomenal rise of the alternative medicine industry responds to some of these shortcomings in what modern medicine has to offer. In several North American and European countries, the production and sale of herbal medicines, dietary supplements, and other so-called “natural” products have become a huge and profitable industry, amounting to $32 billion a year in the USA alone.

替代醫學產業的驚人崛起彌補了現代醫學中的一些不足之處。在若干北美和歐洲國家，草藥、膳食補充劑以及其它一些所謂“天然”產品的生產和銷售已成為一個巨大的賺錢產業。僅在美國，該產業的年業務額便達320億美元。

The industry fiercely defends its territory, its claims, and its profits. Aggressive marketing that makes unsubstantiated claims has antagonized many in the medical establishment.

該產業極力捍衛自己的領域、權利和利潤，通過一些毫無根據的聲稱展開積極營銷，招致了醫療界中很多人的怨憤。

As medical professionals argue, most alternative medicines are introduced onto the market, via over-the-counter sales or the internet, without any regulatory oversight.

醫療專業人士指出，大多數替代藥物系通過非處方銷售或因特網進入市場，不受任何監管。

These arguments point to the critical contribution regulatory authorities can make to the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine. A drive aimed at licensing and regulatory control can bring legitimacy to traditional remedies, as has been done here in Singapore.

這些論點指出監管機構可以對中醫藥現代化做出重要貢獻。針對許可證發放和監管控制采取行動可以使傳統療法具有合法性，新加坡已經這樣做了。

Singapore has also pioneered some good policies that protect against some perceived dangers of traditional Chinese medicine. For example, patients are referred for traditional treatments, like acupuncture, by doctors trained in Western medicine.

新加坡還開創了一些良好政策，幫助防止一些已察覺到的中醫藥危險。例如，將患者轉診給受過西醫培訓的醫生進行針灸等傳統治療。

Having a doctor’s opinion as backup helps protect against the risk that what may seem to be uncomplicated complaints might actually be the early signals of a more serious condition.

征詢醫生的意見作為支持有助于防范風險，有些看起來似乎不太復雜的小病痛實際上可能是一個更嚴重病癥的早期信號。

Ladies and gentlemen,

女士們，先生們，

Traditional Chinese medicine has many critics. Their criticisms must also be addressed if traditional Chinese medicine is to perform a legitimate role as an integrated part of a health system.

中醫藥有很多批評者。如果要使其作為衛生系統的一個完整部分來發揮合法作用就必須面對他們的批評意見。

Some critics dismiss the entirety of this ancient art as nothing but pseudoscience, or “snake oil” medicine. They argue that the differences between East and West can never be reconciled.

有些批評者全面駁斥這種古代藝術，認為只不過是偽科學或“蛇油”醫學，并認為東西方的分歧永遠不能調和。

They point out that few well-designed studies, following the gold standard of randomized controlled clinical trials, have demonstrated efficacy over placebos. They point to a lack of plausible and proven biological mechanisms through which traditional remedies exert their effects.

他們指出，根據隨機對照臨床試驗的黃金標準精心設計的研究很少顯示出比安慰劑更好的功效。他們指出，沒有已得到證明的合理生物學機制能說明傳統療法如何發揮作用。

They point to the difficulty of standardized quality control, especially since the chemical composition of a plant species can vary according to where it was grown and in what type of soil, and when and how it was harvested.

他們指出很難實行標準化質量控制，尤其因為植物物種的化學成分可能根據其生長的地方和土壤類型，以及收獲的時間和方式而變化。

The Western approach to testing is to isolate the active ingredients and test them one by one.

西醫的檢測方法是分離活性成分并逐一進行檢測。

This, say proponents of traditional Chinese medicine, is part of the problem. It is not a single chemical responsible for the effect, but rather how multiple ingredients work in concert.

中醫藥的支持者指出這是問題的一部分。產生效果的不是一種單一的化學品，而是多種成分協同發揮作用。

The Western approach to testing also denies the strong cultural and psychological component that is an integral part of the art of traditional medicine. Looking at individual chemicals is reductionist. It is like expecting a tree to grow without its roots.

西醫的檢測方法也否認了強大的文化和心理因素，而這是傳統醫學藝術的一個必要組成部分。單獨查看每種化學品是簡單化的做法，就像期望一棵樹在沒有根的情況下生長。

As proponents note, the scientific method was not designed to accurately evaluate the full human experience that occurs when traditional medicine is delivered by skilled, experienced, and trusted practitioners in its cultural and historical homes.

正如支持者們所指出的那樣，當傳統醫學在其文化和歷史發源地由熟練、經驗豐富和值得信賴的從業者實施時所產生的人類體驗是無法用科學方法進行準確和全面評價的。

Controlled clinical trials can evaluate the intervention or the herbal product, but not the full experience.

對照臨床試驗可以評價干預措施或草藥產品，但不能評價全面的體驗。

Moreover, complaints of pain, anxiety, and stress nearly always have a subjective dimension. The placebo effect is a well-documented scientific phenomenon.

此外，對疼痛、焦慮和壓力的抱怨幾乎總是帶有某種主觀性。安慰劑效應是一種有大量記載的科學現象。

As Nobel laureate Elizabeth Blackburn reminds both sides of the debate: “We tend to forget how powerful an organ the brain is in human biology.” Scientific research on the physiological effects of mental stress confirms the validity of that reminder.

諾貝爾獎獲得者伊麗莎白·布萊克本這樣提醒辯論雙方：“我們往往會忘記在人類生物學中大腦是多么強大的器官?！标P于精神壓力的生理效應的科學研究證實這一提醒是正確的。

Evidence is mounting that diet, exercise, no tobacco, limited alcohol, and stress reduction can do a better job of preventing or delaying the onset of heart disease than most drugs and surgical procedures.

越來越多的證據表明，飲食、運動、戒煙、限制酒精和減壓比大多數藥物和外科手術能更有效地預防或延遲心臟病發作。

Here, traditional Chinese medicine excels. It pioneered interventions like healthy and balanced diets, exercise, herbal remedies, and ways to reduce everyday stress.

在此，中醫藥勝出。中醫藥開拓了一系列干預措施，如健康和平衡的飲食，運動，草藥以及減少日常壓力的種種方法等。

Countries, like Singapore, aiming to integrate the best from traditional and modern medicine would do well to look not only at the many differences between traditional and modern medicine. Instead, they should look at those areas where both converge to help tackle the unique health challenges of the 21st century.

像新加坡這樣力求整合傳統醫學和現代醫學之精華的國家最好不要將目光放在這兩種方法的諸多不同之處上。相反，應當看到兩者的共同之處，以幫助應對21世紀的獨特衛生挑戰。

The fact that the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases, which is overseen by WHO, contains a chapter on traditional medicine is significant.

由世衛組織監督的《國際疾病分類》第十一次修訂版包含了關于傳統醫學的一章，這具有重要意義。

The chapter sets out diagnostic categories based on traditional medicine conditions which originated in ancient China and are now commonly used in China, Japan, the Republic of Korea, and Singapore.

這一章根據起源于中國古代，現常用于中國，日本，韓國和新加坡的傳統醫學用法列出了診斷類別。

Particular attention is being given to testing of the chapter in integrated health care settings in target countries where both traditional and Western medicine are practiced.

眼下要特別關注在傳統醫學和西醫并用的目標國家的綜合衛生保健機構中檢驗這個章節。

This innovation also bodes well for the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine as a contribution to universal health coverage that can be sustained, despite rising health care costs.

這項革新也有利于中醫藥現代化，從而促進實現全民健康覆蓋，盡管這會使費用不斷升高，但卻能夠持續。

Thank you.

謝謝大家。

更多 英文演講稿、英語演講稿、英語演講小短文，請繼續關注 英語作文大全