合同中的檢驗索賠、支付和運輸條款
10. Inspection and Claims （檢驗索賠條款）
1）檢驗條款 = 檢驗權的規定（檢驗機構）+ 檢驗的內容（檢驗證書）+ 檢驗時間
通常檢驗證書有以下寫法：
Inspection Certificate of Quality / Quantity / Weight / Value / Health / …
Disinfection Inspection Certificate 消毒檢驗證書
Sanitary Inspection Certificate 衛生檢驗證書
來看以下兩句合同內容和其翻譯：
例1：雙方同意以裝運港中國進出口商品檢驗局簽發的品質及數量檢驗證書為最后依據對雙方具有約束力。
It is mutually agreed that the goods are subject to the Inspection Certificate of Quality and Inspection Certificate of Quantity issued by China Import and Export at the port of shipment. The Certificate shall be binding on both parties.
例2：在交貨前制造商應就訂貨的質量、規格、數量、性能作出準確全面的檢驗，并出具貨物與本合同相符的檢驗證書。該證書為議付貨款時向銀行提交單據的一部分，但不得做為貨物質量、規格、數量、性能的最后依據，制造商應將記載檢驗細節的書面報告附在品質檢驗書內。
Before delivery the manufacturer should make a precise and overall inspection of the goods regarding quality, quantity, specification and performance and issue the certificate indicating the goods in conformity with the stipulation of the contract. The certificates are one part of the documents presented to the bank for negotiation of the payment and should not be considered as final regarding quality, quantity, specification and performance. The manufacturer should include the inspection written report in the Inspection Certificate of Quality, stating the inspection particulars.
2）索賠條款 = 索賠權的規定 + 索賠時間 + 索賠依據 +賠付方法
例1：買方對于裝運貨物的任何異議必須與裝運貨物的船只到達目的港后30天內提出，并須提供經賣方同意的公正機關出具的檢驗報告，如果貨物已經加工，買方即喪失索賠權利。屬于保險公司或輪船公司責任范圍的索賠，賣方不予受理。
Any discrepancy on the shipped goods should be put forward within 30 days after the arrival of the vessel carrying the goods at the port of destination and the Buyer should present the Survey Report issued by the Surveyor agreed by the Seller. If the goods have been processed the Buyer will loss the right to claim. The Seller shall not settle the claim within the responsibility of the Insurance Company or Ship Company.
例2：品質異議須于貨物到達目的港30天內提出，數量異議須于貨物到達目的港15天提出，但均須提供相關檢驗機構的證明，如屬賣方責任，賣方應予以收到異議20天內答復，并提出處理意見。
Any discrepancy about quality should be presented within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination； any discrepancy about quantity should be presented within 15 days after the arrival of the goods at the port of destination, both of which cases should be on the strength of the certificates issued by the related surveyor. If the Seller is liable he should send the reply together with the proposal for settlement within 20 days after receiving the said discrepancy.
11. Terms of Payment （支付條款）
支付條款 = 支付方式 + 支付時間。支付方法有很多，來看一些常見的：信用證letter of credit （L / C）；現金in cash； 支票by check； 信用卡credit card； 匯票draft / bill of exchange； …
其他相關詞匯：信匯mail transfer； 電匯telegraphic transfer； 開證行opening bank； 通知行negotiating bank； 托收銀行collecting bank； 代收銀行remitting bank
例1：買方應不遲于12月15日，將100%的貨款用電匯預付至賣方。
The Buyer should pay 100% of the sale amount to the Seller in advance by telegraphic transfer not later than Dec. 15th.
例2：買方應憑賣方開具的即期匯票于見票時立即付款。
The Buyer should make immediate payment against the presentation of the draft issued by the Seller.
例3：買方對賣方開具的見票后20天付款的跟單匯票于提示時應予以承兌，并應于匯票到期日付款。
The Buyer should accept the documentary draft at 20 days‘ sight upon the presentation and make payment on the maturity.
例4：買方通過賣方可接受的銀行在裝運前一個月開立以賣方為抬頭的保兌的不可撤銷的信用證，有效期至裝運后15天。
The Buyer shall open a confirmation irrevocable L / C in favor of the Seller with / through the bank acceptable to the Seller, one month before the shipment
12. Terms of shipment （運輸條款）
運輸條款中要說明運輸方式和價格條件，比如：In case of FOB Terms. 其中有一些貿易術語需要大家注意，例如：FOB （Free on Board）裝運港船上交貨，指貨物在指定的裝運港越過船舷，賣方即完成交貨。這意味著買方必須從該點起承當貨物滅失或損壞的一切風險。FOB術語要求賣方辦理貨物出口清關手續。CIF （Cost, Insurance and Freight）成本加保險費、運費，按此術語成交，貨價的構成因素中包括從裝運港至約定目的的港的通常運費和約定的保險費，故賣方除具有與CFR術語的相同的義務外，還就為買方辦理貨運保險，交支付保險費。等等。
本文地址：http://www.hengchuai.cn/writing/business/40855.html
