數(shù)字飆榜--雅思大作文考試之十大關(guān)鍵詞
雅思大作文是典型的學(xué)術(shù)類議論文, 其重要特征之一是依靠詞匯的準(zhǔn)確多變來豐富觀點(diǎn)的意思和加強(qiáng)論證力度。很多烤鴨一廂情愿地認(rèn)為,作文中的詞匯要“既大又難”,由此陷入背誦詞匯的無底深淵。如果仔細(xì)研究劍橋考官的范文,你會發(fā)現(xiàn)從來沒有出現(xiàn)過真正能算得上是彪悍的詞匯,大部分詞甚至還沒有達(dá)到大學(xué)英語六級的難度。然而,一些貌似簡單的詞被考官們用得非常經(jīng)典,要么豐富了句意,要么增強(qiáng)了表達(dá),要么體現(xiàn)了思維的嚴(yán)密性。這些詞用起來相當(dāng)有范兒,考起來相當(dāng)拿分,現(xiàn)在是該我們好好認(rèn)識一下他們的時候了。
1. outweigh
【詞性】動詞
【出現(xiàn)頻率】三星
【用法】當(dāng)想要表達(dá) “…多于/超過…” 的時候,第一個跳入你腦海的詞組往往是 “…be more than…”。但是,如果你多看幾個大作文的題目,outweigh這個詞永遠(yuǎn)是衡量利弊型文章的一個題目標(biāo)志,它不單純只是數(shù)量多少的比較,更重要的是,體現(xiàn)了二者利弊和分量的權(quán)衡。
2. tend
【詞性】動詞
【出現(xiàn)頻率】三星
【用法】這個詞常常加在謂語動詞前,構(gòu)成 “tend to…”,意思是 “往往會… / 易于…”,表示一種不太絕對的推斷,使你在議論文中的觀點(diǎn)有退身的余地,顯得不絕對,不偏激。劍5 P165考官范文中:They tend to be more independent, which is a very important factor in academic study and research. 此外,由于大作文題目中的兩個立場其實(shí)都是有道理的,表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的時候,“I tend to think…” 比 “I think…” 更好,因?yàn)槲覀儾皇欠呛诩窗?,而只是“傾向”其中一方而已,從而為整篇文章的雙邊論證定下基調(diào)。
3. perspective
【詞性】名詞
【出現(xiàn)頻率】三星
【用法】“perspective” 的意思是 “遠(yuǎn)景”,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是對事物的整體把握,短語 “get a clear perspective of…” 的字面意思是 “得到了對…的清楚的遠(yuǎn)景”,其實(shí)就是 “清楚地認(rèn)識到…”的意思。劍5 P165: that is the best way for them to get a clear perspective of what they are hoping to do with their lives and why; 劍4 P165 考官范文中: I think an ability to keep clear perspectives in life is a more essential factor in achieving happiness. 同理,如果你想表達(dá) “缺乏對…的認(rèn)識”,只需把 “get” 換成 “l(fā)ack” 即可。
4. Increasingly
【詞性】副詞
【出現(xiàn)頻率】四星
【用法】“more and more…” 表示“越來越…” 已經(jīng)有點(diǎn)過時了,在雅思的大作文中,我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)最潮流的表達(dá)是increasingly。劍4 P169 考官范文中:Poor student behavior seems to be an increasingly widespread problem. 該詞的形容詞形式increasing也經(jīng)常用來表示“遞增的”,如“increasing demand”.
5. By
【詞性】介詞
【出現(xiàn)頻率】四星
【用法】這是一個很簡單的介詞,表示“通過… / 靠…”。 但在大作文中,尤其是報告類,我們經(jīng)常忘記可以在一個動作后加個by doing…, 表示這個動作可以通過什么樣的形式來實(shí)現(xiàn)。劍5 P165考官范文中:Governments can encourage such action by putting taxes on packaging, such as plastic bags, by providing recycling services and by fining households and shops that do not attempt to recycle their waste. 考官句中的連續(xù)三個by使得整個句子的意思具體豐富,而且有流暢的節(jié)奏感。
6. justify
【詞性】動詞
【出現(xiàn)頻率】五星
【用法】在議論文中,這個詞很管用,意思是“使…具有合理性”,主動或者被動都很好用,它的形容詞形式是 “justified”。劍6 P164考官范文中:I think that the amount of money such sports stars make is more justified than the huge earnings of movie stars; All of these factors may justify the huge earnings. 這個詞讓你的句子更具學(xué)術(shù)性,更有議論文的范兒。
7. benefit
【詞性】名詞,動詞
【出現(xiàn)頻率】五星
【用法】這個詞是個雙棲選手,作動詞時可以說 “benefit…, 使…受益” 和 “benefit from…., 從…中受益”;做名詞的時候常以復(fù)數(shù)形式 “benefits” 來替換 “advantages”,表示“好處”;劍4 P169 考官范文中: If they could raise them to be considerate of others and to be social, responsible individuals, the whole community would benefit; P173: They still spend plenty of time at home with their parents, so they can benefit from both environments.
8. in terms of…
【詞性】連詞
【出現(xiàn)頻率】五星
【用法】該詞組是考官范文中的一個??停鉃?“在…方面”,用來限制作者觀點(diǎn)的適用范圍,同時也使句子的意思更加豐滿。劍5 P165考官范文中:A young adult who passes directly from school to university is rather restricted in terms of general knowledge and experience of the world. 劍4 P169:High quality nursery schools could be established that would support families more in terms of raising the next generation.
9. regardless of
【詞性】連詞
【出現(xiàn)頻率】五星
【用法】意思為“不管”,相當(dāng)于我們在口語中經(jīng)常說的“no matter”,但no matter 后面只能跟句子,而regardless of后面還可以跟名詞。 劍4 P169 考官范文中:They are allowed to have whatever they want, regardless of price, and to behave as they please. 再來看一個大作文的考題節(jié)選:Others think that the true function of a university should be to give access to knowledge for its own sake, regardless of whether the course is useful to employers.
10. rather than
【詞性】連詞
【出現(xiàn)頻率】五星
【用法】當(dāng)你想要在兩者之間進(jìn)行選擇,比較,或者取舍的時候,這個詞組一定會派上用場?!岸皇恰币欢梢院苋菀椎匕膊逶谀愕拇笞魑闹?,因?yàn)槿绻銉A向于A,自然就不太傾向B了。劍4 P165 考官范文中:Yet others think that spiritual paths, rather than either the material world or relationships with people, are the only way to true happiness. 劍7 P167:Some jobs are repetitive and boring, and labor relations may be poor and lead to insecurity rather than to job satisfaction.
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