雅思寫作評分潛規(guī)則--詞匯和語法
很多考生總會這樣形容自己“我詞匯量低”,“我很多時候想好了中文卻寫不出英文單詞”等,從中可以看出,詞匯量對考生來說,總是一道難于逾越的坎。而更麻煩的是,詞匯量是需要經(jīng)年累月的積累,非短時間內(nèi)可以達成。
然而,除詞匯量不足之外,很多考生對于雅思詞匯的具體要求并沒有足夠的了解;若想要在詞匯方面得到7分及以上,考官的要求是use a sufficient range of vocabulary to allow some flexibility and precision; use less common lexical items with some awareness of style and collocation; may produce occasional errors in word choice, spelling and/or word formation, 可以看出除了詞匯量的要求之外,考生還需要盡可能多使用less common lexical items;要注意style和collocation的運用等。
一般說來,對于collocation來說比較常見的是nouns and verbs (make an assumption), adjectives and nouns (a key concept), or verbs and adverbs (fiercely independent),那么考生在選擇使用時可以根據(jù)實際情況,適當加入類似的搭配從而增加詞匯的靈活性。當然要想提高這方面的詞匯能力,考生可以選擇多看范文的詞匯選擇,并且養(yǎng)成習慣勤加整理,畢竟詞匯的突破離不開日常的積累。而對于less common的要求,考生一方面需要積累同義替換詞,并且時刻記得避免重復單調(diào)的表達同時避免使用常用詞匯來防止common,比如more and more最好使用an increasing number of;solve則可以使用address或是overcome來代替;choice應該換成alternative;important可以替換為crucial之類的。
除詞匯要求外,雅思考官對于語言也有一定的要求。對于雅思寫作7分的語法要求是:use a variety of complex structures, produce frequent error-free sentences and have good control of grammar and punctuation but may make a few errors.
雅思寫作6分的語法要求是:use a mix of simple and complex sentences.
從要求中我們不難看出,多樣的句式以及復雜句是獲得雅思寫作高分的基本要求。相比詞匯,對于句子的準備反而可以說是比較容易一些。因為不管考題是如何,相對來說,能用的句式還是固定的。
如開頭段落可以嘗試那些較好套用的句式,類似:
1) The issue of whether… has been widely debated in the world.
2) One of the perpetual problems in our modern society is that + 具體的社會問題 + and the question of + 由問題引起的后果或爭論 + arises. (適用開頭段第一句話;套用在:表達某種社會問題以及由此引發(fā)爭論)例句:One of the perpetual problems in our modern society is that senior citizens account for an increasingly larger proportion of the whole population and the question of who should be legally responsible for taking care of them arises.
3) In an attempt to solve the problem of …, some people assert that…等。4) Personally, I agree to the latter opinion, which is based on the following three reasons. 適用于開頭段亮出自己觀點時候使用。當考題提問為優(yōu)缺點時候時,可使用于開頭段最后一句:However, modern technologies have also exerted some negative impacts on our society and environment, which can be demonstrated in the following aspects.
總而言之,不管是哪種評分要求,考生都應該熟悉不同分數(shù)檔的評分要求,在備考雅思寫作時要有針對性。
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