考研優(yōu)美英語(yǔ)作文背誦008

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The Definition of "Price"

Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means bywhich products and services that are in limited supply are rationedamong buyers. The price system of the United States is a complex networkcomposed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services, including labor, professional, transportation, and public-utility services. The interrelationshipsof all these prices make up the"system" of prices. The price ofany particular product or service is linked to a broad, complicated system ofprices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everythingelse. If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define "price", many would reply that price isan amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or serviceor, in other words, that price is the money value of a product or service as agreed upon in a markettransaction. This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For acomplete understanding of a price in any particular transaction,much more than the amount of money involved must be known.Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the moneyamount, but with the amount and quality of the product or service to beexchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and paymentwill be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts thatapply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, deliveryterms, return privileges, and other factors. In other words, both buyerand seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprisethe total "package" being exchanged for the asked-foramount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.
　　全文翻譯：
"價(jià)格"的定義價(jià)格決定資源的使用方式。價(jià)格也是有限的產(chǎn)品與服務(wù)在買方中的配給手段。
　　美國(guó)的價(jià)格系統(tǒng)是復(fù)雜的網(wǎng)狀系統(tǒng)，包括經(jīng)濟(jì)生活中一切產(chǎn)品買賣的價(jià)格，也包括名目繁多的各種服務(wù)，諸如勞動(dòng)力、專職人員、交通運(yùn)輸、公共事業(yè)等服務(wù)的價(jià)格。
　　所有這些價(jià)格的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系構(gòu)成了價(jià)格系統(tǒng)。任何一種個(gè)別產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的價(jià)格都與這個(gè)龐大而復(fù) 雜的系統(tǒng)密切相關(guān)，而且或多或少地受到系統(tǒng)中其它成份的制約。如果隨機(jī)挑選一群人，問問他們?nèi)绾味x"價(jià)格"，許多人會(huì)回答價(jià)格就是根據(jù)賣方提供的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)，買方向其付出的錢數(shù)。
　　換句話說，價(jià)格就是市場(chǎng)交易中大家認(rèn)同的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的貨幣量。該定義就其本身來說自有其道理。
　　但要獲得對(duì)價(jià)格在任何一樁交易中的完整認(rèn)識(shí)，就必須考慮到大量" 非貨幣"因素的影響。買賣雙方不但要清楚交易中的錢數(shù)，而且要非常熟悉交易物的質(zhì)量和數(shù)量，交易的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)，采用哪種形式付款，有怎樣的緩付和優(yōu)惠，對(duì)交易物的質(zhì)量保證、交貨條款、退賠權(quán)利等等。
　　也就是說，為了能估算索價(jià)，買賣雙方必須通曉構(gòu)成交易物價(jià) 格的通盤細(xì)節(jié)。

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