考研優(yōu)美英語作文背誦023
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Henry Ford
Although Henry Ford's name is closely associated with the concept of massproduction, he should receive equal credit for introducing labor practices as early as 1913 that would be considered advanced even bytoday's standards. Safety measures were improved, and the work day wasreduced to eight hours, compared with the ten-or twelve-hour day common at thetime. In order to accommodate the shorter work day, theentire factory was converted from two to three shifts.In addition, sickleaves as well as improved medical care for those injured on the job wereinstituted. The Ford Motor Company was one of the first factories todevelop a technical school to train specialized skilled laborers and anEnglish language school for immigrants. Some efforts were even made to hire thehandicapped and provide jobs for former convicts.
The mostwidely acclaimed innovation was the five-dollar-a-day minimum wage that wasoffered in order to recruit and retain the best mechanics and todiscourage the growth of labor unions. Ford explained the new wage policyin terms of efficiency and profit sharing. He also mentioned thefact that his employees would be able to purchase the automobilesthat they produced -- in effect creating a market for the product. Inorder to qualify for the minimum wage, an employee had to establisha decent home and demonstrate good personal habits, includingsobriety, thriftiness, industriousness, and dependability. Although somecriticism was directed at Ford for involving himself too much in the personallives of his employees, there can be no doubt that, at a time when immigrantswere being taken advantage of in frightful ways, Henry Ford was helpingmany people to establish themselves in America.
全文翻譯：亨利·福特
盡管亨利·福特的名字和大生產(chǎn)的概念相連，但他在勞工保護上得到同樣的贊譽，因為他早在 1913 年便實行了用今天的標準來衡量依然是先進的標準。 安全措施得到改進，日工 作時間從當時普遍的 10 或 12 小時減少到 8 小時。 為了適應更短的日工作時間，整個工廠 從雙班變成了三班。而且，病假和改善了的工傷醫(yī)療得以制度化。 福特汽車公司是最早建立技術學校來培訓專門技工和為移民開設英語學校的工廠之一。 公司甚至為雇傭殘疾人和 有前科的人而作出了一些努力。最受廣泛稱贊的革新是實行五美元一天的最低工資。 其目 的是招收和留住那些最好的技工并阻礙工會的發(fā)展。
福特從效率和利潤分享的角度來解釋 這項新的工資政策。 他也提到這樣一個事實，他的員工可以買他們生產(chǎn)的汽車--這實際上 是為其產(chǎn)品另開辟了一個市場。 為了夠資格得到最低工資，員工必須建立一個得體的家庭 并顯示出良好的個人習慣，包括節(jié)制、儉省、勤勉和可靠。 雖然有人批評福特過多地干涉 了員工的私人生活，但毫無疑問，在移民們被用惡劣的方式剝削的時代，亨利·福特卻幫助 了許多人在美國扎下根來。
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