英語寫作十字真經(3)

優(yōu)秀段落
閱讀時，我們經常會碰到一些過目難忘的段落。這些段落或者表達流暢、文筆優(yōu)美，或者邏輯縝密、結構嚴謹。根據(jù)表達需要，有不同的功能段落，如現(xiàn)象說明段、觀點陳述段、原因列舉段、利弊解釋段、結論歸納段、趨勢預測段、措施建議段等。有些優(yōu)秀段落可以作為寫作的功能段落加以背誦，對于我們拓展思路、規(guī)范行文大有裨益。在背誦過程中，熟練掌握各種功能段落的行文規(guī)則，自己在表達時就能駕輕就熟。下面僅舉觀點陳述段和措施建議段各一例。

觀點陳述段（陳述“民族文化應該成為世界文化”的觀點）
A culture of one nation may become international, which is beneficial for all mankind. Since China has opened its doors widely to the outside world, many people from different countries want to visit China. They will come to accept and love Chinese culture as a whole. In addition, Chinese culture should be shared generously with foreign people, who show great interest in it. Meanwhile, as more and more foreigners come to China, they bring aspects of their own culture to share with the Chinese people. In this way, people from various nations in the world will be able to acquire a better understanding of each other and live peacefully together.

一個國家的文化可能成為世界文化，這對全人類都有益。由于中國已經向外界敞開了國門，許多來自不同國家的人都希望來看一看中國。他們會開始接受并喜歡整個中國文化，中國文化應該大大方方地讓感興趣的外國人分享。與此同時，隨著來中國的外國人越來越多，他們也把他們自己的文化帶給了中國人。這樣，世界各國的人們就能夠更好地相互理解、和平相處。

措施建議段（建議“人口老齡化”的解決措施）
The rapidity of the population''s aging has made it more urgent for the adoption of countermeasures. No doubt, the key is to build a solid economic foundation. Meanwhile, importance should be attached to overall social progress by changing the backward situation in social security, welfare and service. What''s more, family care and community services should also be encouraged.

人口老齡化的加速使采取應對措施變得更為緊迫。毫無疑問，解決問題的關鍵是建立穩(wěn)固的經濟基礎。與此同時，應該重視整體的社會進步，改變社會保障、福利和服務的落后局面。除此之外，應該鼓勵家庭照料和社區(qū)服務。

經典篇章
古往今來，英語寶庫中涌現(xiàn)出大批經典佳作，如林肯的《葛底斯堡演說》(The Gettysburg Address)，福克納的諾貝爾獎演說(Banquet Speech)，海倫?凱勒的《給我三天光明》(Three Days to See)。這些文章在文字的運用上技法高超，在思想內涵上寓意深刻，讀來字字珠璣，文字優(yōu)美，啟迪心智，含義雋永(full of exquisite words and truth, satisfying the mind, appealing to the heart)。這樣的文章如不能熟讀成誦，則無法融會貫通。背誦一定數(shù)量的經典名篇既有助于提高自己遣詞造句的能力，也有助于加強自己表達思想的深度。下面的一篇短文是英國哲學家羅素(Bertrand Russell)自傳的序言部分，題為What I Have Lived For（我的人生追求），概述了作者一生追求的三種理想，文章在語言和思想兩個方面都堪稱經典，值得背誦。

What I Have Lived For

Three passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.

I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy ― ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness ― that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what ― at last ― I have found.

With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved.

Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people ― a hated burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate the evil, but I can''t, and I too suffer.

This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me.

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