托福獨立寫作如何進行故事舉例
在托福獨立寫作中,舉例通常有兩種方法共五類舉例詞匯,其中描述現象有三類詞匯:such as/like,include/range from…to…以及for example/for instance;敘述故事有兩類詞匯:illustrate/exemplify以及…deserves a special mention。需要特別注意的是,無論是哪種方法,都要有細節描寫,我們可以用“刨根問底找畫面感”的方法實現這一點。下面我們來討論在敘述故事中會用到的舉例詞匯。
敘述故事就是寫出真實發生的事件,這些事件可以是發生在其他人身上的,也可以是發生在自己身上的,適合它的舉例詞匯比較多,在此僅討論相對“高端”的兩種:illustrate與exemplify以及…deserves a special mention。為了能更加直觀地展現舉例的這種方法,現以TPO16的獨立寫作題目為例,“最佳的旅行方式是跟隨有導游的旅游團”,并且選擇disagree(其實也可選擇agree,但舉例方法大同小異,所以在此只討論disagree的情況),理由是“導游會把游客帶到商品價格極高的紀念品店”,例子是my cousin Joseph的一段親身經歷,這就是一個真實發生的事件,也即敘述故事:
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
The best way to travel is in a group led by a tour guide.
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
故事一般可由以下兩類詞匯引入,現在我們來逐一討論。
一、illustrate與exemplify,這兩個詞是大多數考生所不熟悉的,如果能將它們用好,必定會使文章增色不少,這兩個詞通常用來引人一個真實發生的事件,使用時需要注意以下幾點(illustrate與exemplify同義,可互換):
1. illustrate 與exemplify都是及物動詞,它們的賓語都是表“觀點”的詞,如point等。
2. 為了體現句法多樣性,with可用by替換,the case of可用the example of與the story about等表達進行替換,但要注意它們所用介詞的不同。
3. exemplify被很多的考生拼錯,寫成examplify——它與example不同,是以exe-開頭的,而不是exa-。偶爾的拼寫錯誤不傷大雅,但是很多的拼寫錯誤很有可能導致失分。
【參考例句】
Tourists are likely to be taken by tour guides to stores where souvenirs are extremely expensive. I will illustrate/exemplify this point with the case of my cousin Joseph, who last year went on a guided tour with a group of approximately 20 people to France. When they finished visiting the Eiffel Tower, the tour guide took them to a souvenir store nearby. Joseph bought a miniature Eiffel Tower there for 100 dollars, which was too expensive.
當然,也可以選擇被動語態,主動被動換著使用,寫成:
Tourists are likely to be taken by tour guides to stores where souvenirs are extremely expensive. This point can be illustrated/exemplified with the case ofmy cousin Joseph, who last year went on a guided tour with a group of approximately 20 people to France. When they finished visiting the Eiffel Tower, the tour guide took them to a souvenir store nearby. Joseph bought a miniature Eiffel Tower there for 500 dollars, which was too expensive.
二、…deserves a special mention,這個表達也是大多數考生所不熟悉的,如果能用好它,文章一定會顯得高大上,這個表達通常也用來引人一個真實發生的事件,使用時需要注意以下幾點:
1. 在…deserves a special mention中,a可以省略,寫成…deserves special mention。
2. 為了體現句法多樣性,when it comes to…可用speaking of…等表達進行替換。
3. 也可結合上面提到的語言點,寫成The case of…/The example of…/The story about…deserves a special mention,后跟具體的事件即可;由于主語是第三人稱單數,因此deserve也要相應地使用第三人稱單數,這是非常簡單的問題,但往往被相當一部分考生所忽略,因此造成失分,非常可惜。
【參考例句】
When it comes to being taken by tour guides to stores where souvenirs are extremely expensive, my cousin Joseph deserves a special mention. He last year went on a guided tour with a group of approximately 20 people to France. When they finished visiting the Eiffel Tower, the tour guide took them to a souvenir store nearby. Joseph bought a miniature Eiffel Tower there for 500 dollars, which was too expensive.
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