Solitude

孤獨(dú)

I find it wholesome to be alone the greater part of the time.To be in company,even with the best, is soon wearisome. I love to be alone. I never found the companion that was so companionable as solitude. We are for the most part more lonely when we go abroad among men than when we stay in our chambers. A man thinking or working is always alone, let him be where he will. Solitude is not measured by the miles of space that intervene between a man and his fellows. 'The really diligent student in one of the crowded hives of Cambridge College is as solitary as a dervish in the desert. The farmer can work alone in the field or the woods all day, hoeing or chopping，and not feel lonesome. beacause he is employed; but when he comes home at night he cannot sit down in a room alone, at the mercy of his thoughts, but must be where he can "see the folks," and recreate, and,as he thinks. remunerate himself for his day's solitude; and hence he wonders how the student can sit alone in the house all night and most of the day without ennui and "the blues"; but he does not realize that the student, though in the house, is still at work in his field, and chopping in his woods, as the farmer ire his. and in turn seeks the same recreation and society that the latter does, though it may be a more condensed form of it.

大部分時(shí)候，我發(fā)現(xiàn)獨(dú)處都是有益于健康的。有人陪伴，即使是最好的同伴，不久也會(huì)心生厭煩，興致將消散。我愛獨(dú)處。我沒有遇見比孤獨(dú)更好的伴侶了。我們置身國外，立行人群之中，通常比獨(dú)處室內(nèi)更加寂寞。一個(gè)思考著的或工作著的人總是孤獨(dú)的，就讓他去他想去的地方吧。孤獨(dú)不是以和同伴之間的距離里程來衡量的。真正勤奮的學(xué)生，在劍橋?qū)W院一個(gè)擁擠的蜂房里，就像沙漠中的苦行僧一樣孤單。農(nóng)夫可以整日在田間或林中獨(dú)自工作，耕地或者伐木，卻并不感到寂寞，因?yàn)樗谢顑焊?可是當(dāng)他晚上回到家中，卻不能在房間坐下獨(dú)自思考，而必須去“能看到鄉(xiāng)親”的地方消遣娛樂，正如他所想的，去補(bǔ)償他五天的孤寂;因此他不明白學(xué)生如何可以整日整夜地獨(dú)坐在家里，而不感到倦怠和“優(yōu)郁”;但他沒有意識到，學(xué)生雖然身處室內(nèi)，卻依然在自己的田野上耕耘，在自己的森林中采伐.就像農(nóng)夫在他的田地林間工作一樣，之后學(xué)生也和農(nóng)夫一樣要去尋求消遣，山要去交朋結(jié)友，只是娛樂方式可能更加簡明一些。

Society is commonly too cheap. We meet at very short intervals, not having had time to acquire any new value for each other. We meet at meals three times a day, and give each other a new taste of that old mushy cheese that we are. We have had to agree on a certain set of rules, called etiquette and politeness, to make this frequent meeting tolerable and that we need not come to open war.We meet at the post office, and at the sociable,and about the fireside every night; we live thick and are in each other's way, and stumble over one another, and I think that we thus lose some respect for one another. Certainly less frequency would suffice for all important and hearty communications. Consider the girls in a factory-never alone, hardly in their dreams. It would be better if there were but one inhabitant to a square mile, as where I live.The value of a man is not in his skin.

社會(huì)交際往往極其廉價(jià)。我們相聚的時(shí)間十分短暫,沒有足夠的時(shí)間讓彼此獲得任何有價(jià)值的新事物。我們在一日三餐的時(shí)候見面，我們就如陳腐的奶略，卻讓彼此相互品嘗出新味道。我們必須一致同意若干條規(guī)則，也就是我們所謂的禮節(jié)和禮貌，使這種經(jīng)常的聚會(huì)相安無事，我們還要一致同意我們沒有爭吵的必要。我們在郵局碰面，在社交場合碰面，每天晚上在爐火邊碰面;我們生活得很擁擠，相互干擾，彼此牽絆，我想，我們因此失去了對彼此的尊重。當(dāng)然，所有重要的、真誠的溝通，次數(shù)少一些就足夠了。想一想工廠里的女工——永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)獨(dú)處，甚至在夢中也難得是獨(dú)自一人。如果一平方英里只有一個(gè)居民，就像我這樣，那要好多了。一個(gè)人的價(jià)值不在于他的外在。

課堂筆記：
1.代詞“it”用作形式賓語，指代真正的賓語不定式‘to be alone the greater part of the time" 。
2.“as”在此作連詞，后接從句，表示“和...一樣”從句中省略了謂語，完整的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為:"as solitude was companionable"。
3."as"在此處引導(dǎo)定語從句，表示“正如……那樣”，先行詞為整個(gè)句子“( he must ) ... remunerate himself for his day's solitude(他必須要補(bǔ)償一天的孤寂)"。
4.英語“the blues”有“藍(lán)調(diào)音樂;憂郁”等含義.常用搭配有:give sb.the blues(使某人情緒低落)，get/have the blues"(郁郁不樂).
5.當(dāng)主從句中的謂語一致時(shí)，從句中的謂語予以省略.此處的從句就省略了謂語部分，完整的句子結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為“as the farmer is at work in his field ... and in his woods"。
6.此處作者把“we”比作“old musty cheese(陳腐的奶酪)。
7.此句的句子主干為:"We have had to agree on a certain set of rules...and that we need not come to open war."(我們不得不認(rèn)可一定的規(guī)則，并一致同意毫無爭吵的必要.)句中的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)“called etiquette and politeness"  用作“rules”的定語，不定式“to make this frequent meeting tolerable"用作目的狀語，說明“認(rèn)同規(guī)則”的目的。
8.固定搭配"in sb's way”表示“擋某人的路”。和“Way"有關(guān)的搭配還有:in this way〔以這種方式);on the way(在途中);by way of途經(jīng));by the way(順便說):in no way(絕不)等等.
9.此句運(yùn)用了虛擬語氣，表示對現(xiàn)在的虛擬。連詞“as”后省略了“it is".

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