2013年5月3日,世界銀行行長金墉在美國東北大學2013屆畢業典禮上的發表演講,美國東北大學成立于1898年,是全美最大的私立大學。金墉是美籍韓裔人士，根據演講介紹，他父親本來生于朝鮮，越境逃到韓國并設法成為一名牙醫，而母親出生在上海附近的一個韓國人僑民居住點，最后一家人輾轉移居美國。金墉講了父母的艱苦經歷，并講了自己如何走上醫學和政治的道路。演講中，他不斷在講不確定性，他說：“不確定性意味著沒有什么是預先確定的，不確定性意味著未來需要你們去塑造，用你們的意志力量、你們的智慧力量、以及你們的同情心力量。”

Commencement Address for Northeastern University’s Class of 2013
在美國東北大學2013屆畢業典禮上的演講 演講稿中英對照：
World Bank Group President Jim Yong Kim
世界銀行行長金墉

Boston, Massachusetts, United States
馬薩諸塞州的波士頓，美國

President Joseph E. Aoun,
Distinguished faculty members and administrators,
Members of the Class of 2013,
Ladies and gentlemen
約瑟夫·E·奧恩校長，
尊敬的各位教職員工，
2013屆畢業班的全體同學們，
女士們，先生們，

It’s a great privilege to be here today with all of you, especially the members of the Class of 2013 and your families and friends. You should be very proud. This is a day for memories, a day to savor. A day, also, to join in honoring those who two weeks ago responded so courageously in the face of tragedy—including Northeastern students and staff who provided critical care and support to victims of the attack.
今天在這里與在座的各位、特別是2013屆畢業生以及你們的家人和朋友歡聚一堂，是一個莫大的榮幸。你們應該感到非常自豪，這是難以忘懷的一天，值得體味的一天，這一天我們也要對那些在兩周前勇敢面對悲劇的人們、包括東北大學的學生和員工致敬，他們為爆炸受害者提供了重要的關愛和支持。

It’s an honor for me to stand before you today just at the moment when you are leaving this great University and about to step into your life, the script of which is yet to be written. Throughout my years in the academy, I’ve loved commencements because they embody those rare moments in our modern culture when ritual, tradition and a bit of pageantry brighten our lives.
此時此刻，我站在各位面前，正值你們即將離開這所偉大的學府，即將踏入你們的人生，人生腳本還是一張白紙之際，我深感榮幸。在我投身學術界的歲月里，我曾很喜歡畢業典禮，因為它代表著我們現代文化中那些罕見的時刻，當儀式、傳統和一點點排場照亮了我們的人生。

But I’m sure many of you are more than a little concerned about what the future will bring, and I just want to say to you today that not only is your future uncertain, but the overwhelming likelihood is that it’s far more uncertain than you think. And you know what, that’s a good thing. A recent study by a group of psychologists in the journal Science found that people are extremely poor at predicting their futures. The study showed that, for example, a typical 20-year-old woman’s predictions for life changes in the next decade of her life were not nearly as radical as the typical 30-year-old woman’s recollection of how much she had changed in her 20s. In other words, 20-year-olds had little idea of just how much they would change over the next ten years. This sort of discrepancy persisted among respondents all the way into their 60s.
但是我敢肯定，你們中許多人對于未來將會帶來什么很有點擔心，我今天只是想對你們說，不僅僅是你們的未來不確定，而最大的可能性是，它遠比你所想的更不確定。你們知道嗎，這是一件好事。幾位心理學家最近在《科學》雜志上發表了一篇研究論文，他們發現人極其不擅長預測自己的未來。他們的研究顯示，例如，一個典型的20歲女性對自己未來十年人生變化的預測絕不像一個典型的30歲女性對自己在20來歲時有多大變化的回憶那么激進。換句話說，20歲的人對于自己在未來十年會有多大變化幾乎沒有概念。這種差異在受訪者中一直延續到60多歲的人。

This study’s findings are essentially the story of my life. In fact, even before I was born, given the obstacles my parents faced, I would never have predicted that I would, in fact, be born. My father spent his childhood in North Korea and, at the age of 17, escaped across the border into South Korea, leaving his parents, his brothers and sisters, his entire extended family -- everything he had ever known – behind. He had no money. Still, he managed to enroll in the Seoul National University Dental School and became a dentist. He told me stories about how he had so little money he often could only afford to buy lunch from the illegal noodle vendors on the street. Once when he was eating his contraband pasta next to the vendor, police came and chased after the vendors and their customers. But while he ran, my father kept eating his noodles because he knew he wouldn’t be able to afford another bowl for some time.
這項研究結果基本上也是我的人生故事。事實上，即使在我出生之前，鑒于我的父母所面臨的重重障礙，事實上我都不敢預測我還會出生。我的父親在北朝鮮度過了他的童年，他在17歲那年偷越邊境逃到韓國，離開他的父母、他的兄弟姐妹、他的所有親朋好友，離開了他所熟悉的一切。他身無分文。但他還是設法進了首爾國立大學牙科學院，后來成為一名牙醫。他告訴我，他口袋里只有一點點錢，常常只能買得起街上非法小攤販賣的面條當午餐。有一次，他正在無照小攤旁邊吃面，警察來了，警察趕走了小攤販和他們的顧客。但我的父親一邊跑一邊還在吃他的面，因為他知道他還得過一段時間才能再買得起一碗面。

My mother was born in China near Shanghai among a small community of Korean expatriates. After returning to Korea, on a day she will never forget, her mother -- my grandmother -- went outside to hang the laundry and never returned, probably either kidnapped or killed by North Korean soldiers. With the war closing in around her, at the age of 15, my mother became a refugee and literally walked, with her younger brother on her back, for 200 miles to escape the fighting. Luckily, she was able to resume her schooling in a tent in the southern city of Masan. She was a good student and with great luck she received a scholarship from a secret women’s society in the United States and was able to enroll as a freshman at Scarritt College in Nashville, Tennessee.
我的母親出生在中國上海附近的一個韓國僑民居住的小社區。回到韓國后，有一天，她永遠都不會忘記，她的母親也就是我的外祖母出去晾衣服就再也沒有回來，她可能是被北朝鮮士兵綁架或殺害了。隨著戰爭的臨近，我的母親在15歲時成了難民，為了躲避戰火，她背著她的小弟弟徒步走了200英里。幸運的是，她在南部馬山市的一頂帳篷里得以繼續學業。她是一個好學生，非常幸運地獲得了美國一個秘密婦女學會提供的獎學金，進入田納西州納什維爾的斯卡里特學院。

Through almost unthinkably divergent and unlikely paths, my parents ended up meeting in New York City at a Christmas party that gathered together the few hundred Korean students who were living in the United States at that time. They fell in love, married in New York, where my older brother was born, then returned to Korea.
通過幾乎是無法想象的完全不同和不可能的路徑，我的父母最終在紐約市的一次圣誕聚會上邂逅相遇，那次圣誕聚會聚集了幾百名當時居住在美國的韓國學生。他們墜入愛河，在紐約締結良緣，生下我哥哥，然后回到韓國。

I was born in Seoul and when I was five, my family moved back to the United States and we eventually settled in Muscatine, Iowa. My father opened his dental practice, and my mother set to work on her PhD in philosophy at the University of Iowa. In the late 60’s, influenced by my mother’s passion for social justice, we watched the civil rights and anti-war movements unfold from our living room in Muscatine. We lived, as you can tell, the classic All-American, Korean family grows up in a small town in Iowa story. We fully embraced our lives in the heartland of this great country.
我出生在首爾，在我五歲時我的家人搬回到美國，我們最終定居在愛荷華州的馬斯卡廷，我的父親開了自己的牙科診所，我的母親在愛荷華大學研修博士學位。在上世紀60年代，受我母親熱衷于社會公正的影響，我們看到民權和反戰運動從馬斯卡廷我們家的客廳展開。你們可以想象，我們有著在愛荷華州一個小鎮的經典的美籍韓國家庭中成長的經歷，我們完全擁抱了在這個偉大國家中心地帶的生活。

As you might imagine, there weren’t a lot of Asians in Iowa in the 60’s and 70’s but happily, one of the most popular shows at that time was Kung Fu, the story of a former Shaolin priest, half-Chinese, half-American, who comes to the United States to find his American father. So while we were outsiders in Iowa in a profound sense, at least the bully kids left us alone, because they thought all Asians knew Kung Fu. I played quarterback on the high school football team -- but don’t be too impressed, we had the longest losing streak in the nation by the time I was done with my senior year. Years and years went by without a single victory. It was said that grandfathers of my teammates had contributed to the multi-generational streak.
正如你們可以想象，在60年代和70年代愛荷華州的亞洲人并不多，但令人高興的是，當時最受歡迎的一個節目是《功夫》，故事講的是一個少林和尚，一半中國血統，一半美國血統，到美國來尋找他的美國父親。所以，雖然我們從深層意義上講在愛荷華州屬于外人，但至少愛欺負人的孩子不招惹我們，因為他們認為所有的亞洲人都會功夫。我在高中橄欖球隊打四分衛，但別以為我們有多了不起，在我大四的時候我們是全國連敗最長的隊。一年又一年，我們一次都沒贏過，有人說，我同學的爺爺們早就為子孫后代的連敗打下了基礎。

After high school, I eventually ended up at Brown University, and I remember one particular day vividly. My father picked me up at the airport after I flew back to Muscatine from Providence, and when we were driving home, he asked me, “So what are you thinking of studying?”
[cn]高中畢業后，我最終考進了布朗大學，有一天我尤其記憶猶新。我從普羅維登斯飛回馬斯卡廷，我的父親到機場接我，在我們開車回家的路上，他問我，“那么你想學什么呢？”

I told him I was excited about philosophy and political science.
我說我對哲學和政治學很感興趣。

I thought I could make a difference in the world and I was thinking of going into politics.
我認為我可以改變這個世界，我在考慮從政。

My father put on the blinker, pulled off the road, and turned off the car.
我父親打開車子的閃光燈，把車開到路邊停下。

He turned to me in the back seat.
他轉過身來對坐在后座上的我說：

“Look,” he said, “once you finish your medical residency, you can do anything you want.”
“瞧，你只要完成了醫生實習期，就可以做任何你想做的事情。”

You see, my father knew all about uncertainty. He knew that it’s impossible to be sure about where you might end up in life. And he worried that his own success might have deprived his children of the opportunity to understand deeply the meaning of running away from the noodle police while, of course, finishing your noodles. He wanted me to have a skill and he wanted me to butt my head up against the joy but also the hard reality of finishing medical school, finishing residency and caring for patients in life-or-death situations.
你們看，我的父親十分懂得不確定性。他很清楚，一個人不可能知道自己最終會做什么，而且他很擔心自己的成功有可能會使自己的子女沒有機會深入理解從警察身邊跑開、當然同時還要吃完剩下的面條意味著什么。他希望我掌握一門本領，他希望我能夠有效地抵抗讀完醫學院、完成實習期和在生與死的情景中照顧患者的喜悅與殘酷的現實。

I’m so grateful to my father.
我很感謝我的父親。

So far I’ve told you that life is uncertain, but you already knew that. What I really want you to know is that you have abundant tools to face that uncertainty and to lead an extraordinary life, even beyond your wildest dreams.
到目前為止，我告訴你們說人生是不確定的，但你們已經了解了這一點。我真正想讓你們了解的是，你們擁有大量的工具來直面這種不確定性，成就不平凡的人生，甚至超出你最瘋狂的夢想。

Roy Baumeister is a psychologist who has devoted his career to studying the qualities in human beings that lead them to achieve what he calls “positive outcomes.” In this fascinating field, researchers have found that two traits are most consistently associated with success: intelligence and willpower. In Baumeister’s book entitled Willpower, we learn that efforts to permanently increase intelligence have failed, but people can in fact improve their willpower. Baumeister and his colleagues have shown that taking certain actions to improve willpower is the surest way to a more successful life. Moreover, they’ve shown that willpower is like a muscle that can be built with practice, but also that if you don’t actively exercise your willpower, your capacity to do so will atrophy just like your stomach muscles if you stop doing sit-ups. They’ve even learned that because willpower is associated with a certain part of your brain, maintaining glucose levels in your blood to feed that part of your brain is critical for sustaining your willpower!
羅伊·鮑邁斯特是一位心理學家，終生研究帶領人類成就他稱之為“積極的結果”的人類素質。在這個令人著迷的領域，研究人員發現，有兩個特質始終與成功相伴：智力和意志力。從鮑邁斯特所著的《意志力》一書中，我們了解到，雖然永久地提高智力的努力歸于失敗，但人其實是可以提高自身的意志力的。鮑邁斯特和他的同事們已經證明，采取某些行動來提高意志力，是實現更成功的人生的最可靠的途徑。此外，他們也已證明，意志力就像肌肉，可以通過鍛煉來強化，而且如果你不積極鍛煉你的意志力，你的能力就會像你的腹部肌肉一樣，在停止做仰臥起坐之后會出現萎縮。他們甚至還了解到，由于意志力與大腦的某些部位有關，保持血液里的血糖水平來滋養大腦的這個部位對于維持意志力至關重要！

Looked at from another angle, a group of researchers has shown that, more than talent, practice is what determines mastery over any given skill or ability. Malcolm Gladwell, in his book Outliers, popularized an important body of work that showed that the path to mastery required 10,000 hours of practice. Books with titles like “talent is overrated” have been published to make the point.
從另一個角度看，一些研究人員已經證明，與天賦相比，實踐才是決定能否掌握任何技能或能力的主要因素。馬爾科姆·格拉德威爾在他的《局外人》一書中推廣的一項重要研究成果表明，達到精通之路需要10000個小時的練習， 《天賦被高估了》等書的出版就是為了說明這一點。

Now I want you to know that there’s really good news here, especially for Northeastern graduates. By graduating today, you’ve shown your families and the world that you have plenty of IQ points to accomplish anything you set out to achieve. Willpower, discipline and focus -- the essential qualities for success that everyone needs -- are in your hands to develop and build. As Baumeister shows in his book, you can indeed go to the willpower gym and come out mentally buff, ready to take on the world.
現在，我希望你們了解，這實際上是個好消息，尤其是對東北大學的畢業生來說。通過今天的畢業，你們已經向家人和世界證明，你們有足夠的智商完成你們決定去做的任何事情。意志力、紀律和專注——每個人都需要的成功的必備素質——就掌握在你們手中，靠你們去開發和建立。鮑邁斯特在他的書中揭示，你的確可以去意志力健身房，強健精神，準備好挑戰世界。

Now about the 10,000 hours it takes to achieve mastery. Well, because you’ve studied here at Northeastern, you’ve got a head start. My own estimate is that, through your cooperative education in which you’ve received both classroom knowledge and practical knowledge, you all deserve at least a couple of thousand hours of discount off the standard 10,000. Good for you and congratulations!
現在來談談達到精通所需要的10,000個小時。嗯，由于你們已完成在東北大學的學業，你們已經有了一個良好的開端。我個人的估計是，通過合作式教育，你們學到了課堂知識和實踐知識，你們可以至少從10,000個標準小時中扣除2000個小時。干得好，祝賀你們！

But in addition to thinking about uncertainty and willpower, there’s one more thing I want you to try to will yourself to remember today. I want you to think about how you can use time effectively and for good in this complex world.
但是，除了思考不確定性和意志力之外還有一件事，我希望你們能夠用自己的意志力記住今天，我希望你們想一想怎樣才能有效地利用時間，在這個復雜的世界里持之以恒。

Back in Iowa, my mother used to read to me the writings of Martin Luther King, Jr. In Dr. King’s “Letter from a Birmingham Jail,” he writes about understanding the urgency of the present. He writes about an experience with a white moderate -- an ally of the civil rights movement -- who wrote to him saying that he, Dr. King, was in too great a hurry and that “the lessons of Christ take time to come to earth.” African Americans, the moderate argued, would eventually -- eventually -- be granted their full civil rights.
早在愛荷華州時，我的母親曾經讀馬丁·路德·金的著作給我聽。金博士在 “寄自伯明翰監獄的信”中寫了他對現實緊迫性的理解。他寫道與一位白人溫和派人士、民權運動盟友的交流，此人寫信給他，說他金博士過于性急，“基督的教義傳播人世，總要花費時日”。這位溫和派人士認為，非裔美國人最終——他是說最終——會獲得完全的民權。

Dr. King responded, and I quote: “Such an attitude stems from a tragic misconception of time and a strangely irrational notion that there is something in the flow of time that will inevitably cure all ills. Actually, time itself is neutral. It can be used destructively or constructively. More and more I feel that the people of ill will have used time much more effectively than the people of goodwill. We will have to repent in this generation not merely for the hateful words and actions of the bad people, but for the appalling silence of the good people.” End quote.
金博士回應說，我在此引用他的話：“這樣的態度乃源自對時間的可悲誤解，源自一種不合理的奇特觀念，認為在時間之流當中，會有什么東西必將療治所有的邪惡。實際上，時間是中立的東西；它可以用于建設，也可以用于破壞。我越發覺得，邪惡的人之利用時間，將會比善良的人更其有效。我們得在這一代進行懺悔，不僅因壞人們充滿仇恨的言辭與行為，也因好人們駭人聽聞的沉默。”引語完。

With all the willpower I can muster, I try to bring the sense of urgency in Dr. King’s words to my work today. I do this with an understanding that I still have no idea of what the future may bring. After all, I had no idea that I would not only get my medical degree but also a PhD in anthropology. I had no idea that I would help found an organization, Partners in Health, with my colleague Paul Farmer and eventually work in 10 countries around the world. I had no idea that my experience at Partners In Health would lead to my taking charge of the World Health Organization’s HIV/AIDS efforts and starting a campaign to treat 3 million people by the year 2005. And with only minimal experience in academic administration, I became President of Dartmouth College. Finally, completely out of the blue, last year President Obama asked me to stand as a candidate to lead the World Bank Group.
我集中全部的意志力，試圖將金博士所說的緊迫感帶入我今天的工作。我這樣做是因為我了解我仍不知道未來可能會帶來什么。畢竟，我沒有想到我不僅獲得了醫學學位，而且還獲得了人類學博士學位。我沒有想到，我會和我的同事保羅·法莫一起幫助創建了一個機構“健康伙伴”，并最終在全世界10個國家開展了工作。我沒有想到我在“健康伙伴”的工作經歷會導致我主管世界衛生組織的艾滋病工作，并開展了一場到2005年治療3萬名艾滋病患者的運動。我只有很少的學術管理經驗，卻擔任了達特茅斯學院的院長。最后，就如晴天霹靂一般，去年奧巴馬總統邀請我作為領導世界銀行集團的候選人之一。

Always with some trepidation, I embraced these unexpected opportunities, and now I find myself in one of the most interesting jobs in the world. The World Bank Group is an extraordinary organization, founded in the 1940’s to rebuild Europe after World War II. Over the 66 years of its existence, it has become the premier development institution in the world.
雖然總是有些誠惶誠恐，但我接受了這些意外的機會，現在我發現自己做的是世界上最有意思的工作之一。世界銀行集團是一個非同尋常的機構，成立于1940年，初衷是在二戰之后重建歐洲。在其存在的66年里，它已成為世界上最大的發展機構。

Just two weeks ago, our governing body endorsed a target to end extreme poverty by 2030 -- just 17 years from now. Our Governors, who are made up of the Ministers of Finance and Development of 188 member countries, also endorsed a goal to boost shared prosperity, so that the bottom 40% of income earners in our member states can share in economic growth. Our Governors also emphasized that prosperity must be shared with future generations, which means that we will be leaders in tackling climate change. Climate change has the potential to wipe out many of the development gains of the past decades and plunge people back into poverty.
就在兩周前，我們的理事會批準了一個目標 ，即，到2030年，從現在起在短短17年時間里終結極度貧困。我們的理事會由188個成員國的財政和發展部長組成，他們還通過一個目標，就是促進共享繁榮，使我們成員國里處于收入最底層的40％人口可以分享經濟增長的成果。我們的理事會還強調，必須讓子孫后代共享繁榮，這就意味著我們將在應對氣候變化方面發揮領導作用。氣候變化有可能使過去數十年的發展成果毀于一旦，使人民重新陷入貧困。

By setting such bold targets for our organization and setting an expiration date for extreme poverty in the world, our Governors have given us the gift of focus and urgency. We will now use time to drive forward what we hope will be a signal achievement in human history.
通過給我們的機構設定這種大膽的目標，為消除世界上的極度貧困設定期限，我們的理事會賦予我們著眼點和緊迫感?，F在，我們要花時間來推進我們期望成為人類歷史上的一項標志性成就。

In closing, my challenge to you is this: set bold goals, deliberately and consciously build your willpower, and use your time well. You are so fortunate. Northeastern’s co-op program and emphasis on experiential learning make this one of the most innovative educational models in the world today. With co-op options now in more than 70 countries, in all types of organizations, this University has given you an unexcelled preparation for global citizenship. As countries around the world, including the United States, search for ways to overhaul higher education, they’re looking to Northeastern’s example. Through your hard work in these past four years, you’ve acquired something exceptional: the foundations for critical and self-critical thinking, joined to the practical skills to solve tough problems in the real world.
最后，我對你們提出的挑戰是：設定大膽的目標，有意識和自覺地建立自己的意志力，用好你們的時間。你們是如此幸運，東北大學的合作教育計劃和對體驗式學習的重視，是當今世界上最具創新性的教育模式之一。合作模式已在70多個國家、各種類型的機構中推廣，這所大學為你們成為全球公民做了極好的鋪墊。世界各國、包括美國都在尋找改革高等教育的路徑，他們也在研究東北大學的案例。通過你們在過去四年的努力，你們獲得了一些特殊的資質：批判和自我批判思維的基礎，結合解決現實世界中棘手問題的實用技能。

These are extraordinary qualifications. They give you power -- and responsibility.
這些都是非凡的資質，它們賦予你們力量，還有責任。

Like my father on the streets of Seoul -- though in a different way -- you face a world of uncertainty. Don’t fear that uncertainty. Embrace it. Use it. Uncertainty means that nothing is predetermined. Uncertainty means that the future is yours to shape -- with the force of your will, the force of your intellect, and the force of your compassion. Uncertainty is freedom. Take that freedom and run with it. And don’t forget to eat some noodles as you go. You’ll need the glucose.
就像在首爾街頭的我的父親，雖然以不同的方式，你們都面對著一個充滿不確定性的世界。不要害怕這種不確定性，去擁抱它，去利用它。不確定性意味著沒有什么是預先確定的。不確定性意味著未來需要你們去塑造，用你們的力量，你們的意志，你們智慧的力量，你們同情心的力量。不確定性就是自由，抓住這種自由，帶著它奔跑吧，別忘了一邊跑一邊吃點面條，你需要葡萄糖。

Thank you very much, and congratulations to the graduating class.
謝謝各位，祝賀畢業班的同學們！

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