Premier Le Keqiang’s Speech at the Sixth China-CEEC Business Forum
李克強總理在第六屆中國—中東歐經貿論壇上發表的主旨演講（中英對照版）
做長期穩定合作共贏的好伙伴
Forging a Reliable Partnership for Win-win Cooperation
——在第六屆中國—中東歐國家經貿論壇上的主旨演講
– Keynote Speech at the Sixth China-CEEC Business Forum中華人民共和國國務院總理 李克強
H.E. Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China
2016年11月5日，里加
Riga, 5 November 2016
尊敬的庫欽斯基斯總理，
各位同事，
女士們，先生們：
Your Excellency Prime Minister Maris Kucinskis,
Colleagues,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
很高興來到美麗的里加，與各位新老朋友一道，共同出席第六屆中國－中東歐國家經貿論壇。我謹代表中國政府，對論壇的舉辦表示熱烈祝賀！對長期以來致力于中國與中東歐國家友好合作的各界人士致以崇高敬意！
It gives me great pleasure to join all friends, both old and new, at the Sixth China and Central and Eastern European Countries Business Forum in the beautiful city of Riga. On behalf of the Chinese government, I would like to extend warm congratulations on the opening of the Forum, and pay high tribute to people from various sectors who have long been committed to China-CEEC friendship and cooperation.
“16+1合作”是中國與中東歐國家跨區域友好合作的創新舉措，也是中國與歐洲合作的一個重要方面，為中歐全面戰略伙伴關系發展注入了新動力。在各方共同努力下，“16+1合作”年年都有新成果、新氣象。盡管近幾年全球貿易低迷，但中國與16國進出口貿易仍逆勢上揚，今年前三季度達430億美元，同比增長4%。雙方投資和產能合作勢頭迅猛，前三季度中國企業對中東歐國家投資增長近90%，雙向投資累計達70億美元。一批標志性的合作項目已經完成。人文交流日益密切，雙方直航線路增加到6條，雙向旅游人數突破100萬人次。
“16+1” cooperation is a creative framework of trans-regional cooperation initiated by China and CEE countries to advance our friendship and cooperation. It is also an important component of China-Europe cooperation and has injected new vigor into the China-EU comprehensive strategic partnership. Thanks to the joint efforts of all parties, “16+1” cooperation is scoring new achievements and taking on a new look every year. Despite the sluggish global trade in recent years, the China-CEEC trade has kept growing, reaching $43 billion in the first three quarters of this year, up 4% year on year. Two-way investment and production capacity cooperation has gathered momentum. Chinese investment in CEE countries rose nearly 90% in the first nine months of this year, and cumulative two-way investment stands at $7 billion. A number of landmark projects have been completed. People-to-people and cultural exchanges are thriving. We have increased the number of direct air links to six and the number of annual mutual tourist visits to over one million.
5年來，“16+1合作”展現出強大的生命力和競爭力。在這一過程中，我們通過共同努力，積累了不少寶貴經驗，值得認真總結，并長期堅持。
Over the past five years, “16+1” cooperation has shown vibrant momentum and competitiveness. We accumulated much valuable experience in this process, which should be reaffirmed and upheld.
一要平等協商、互尊互助。我們堅持國家不分大小、貧富、強弱，一律平等，始終相互理解、相互支持，尊重各自自主選擇的發展道路，照顧彼此的核心利益和重大關切。在合作中始終堅持友好協商，不把自己的意志強加于對方，不附加任何政治條件。
First, equality, mutual respect and mutual assistance. China and CEE countries both believe in equality among countries irrespective of their size, wealth or strength. We have all along extended each other understanding and support, respected each other’s independent choice of development path, and accommodated each other’s core interests and major concerns. Our cooperation has always been based on friendly consultation, rather than any party imposing its own will or attaching any political strings.
二要互利互惠、合作共贏。基于共同利益的合作最穩固，著眼共同發展的合作最能持久。“16+1合作”始終堅持政府推動、企業為主、市場化運作，不是單方面讓利，而是遵循市場規律，按照商業化原則，發揮各自在資金、技術、市場等方面的優勢，取長補短、互通有無，做大共同利益蛋糕，實現雙贏與多贏。
Second, mutual benefit and win-win cooperation. Cooperation that is based on common interests and geared towards common development is most stable and enduring. The “16+1” cooperation has all along been guided by the principle of government support, business initiative and market operation, rather than one side making all the concessions. Everyone should follow market rules and commercial principles and draw on their own strengths in funding, technology and market. They should all pitch in and complement each other, which will make the pie of common interests bigger and deliver win-win results.
三要開放包容、攜手同行。我們始終強調“16+1合作”是中歐合作的組成部分和有益補充。中歐已就“一帶一路”建設與歐洲發展規劃、國際產能合作與歐洲投資計劃、“16+1合作”與中歐合作對接達成重要共識，歡迎域外國家結合具體項目開展三方合作。“16+1合作”不排斥第三方，越來越多的觀察員參加我們的會晤，體現了開放性、包容性。實踐已經并將繼續證明，“16+1合作”不僅有利于中國與中東歐國家，也有利于歐洲平衡發展和一體化進程。
Third, openness and inclusiveness. We have all along stressed that the “16+1” cooperation is a part of and useful complement to China-EU cooperation. China and the EU have reached important agreement on enhancing complementarity and synergy between the Belt and Road Initiative and the development plans of Europe, between international production capacity cooperation and the Investment Plan for Europe, and between the “16+1” cooperation and China-EU cooperation. And we welcome project-based third party cooperation with countries outside the region. The “16+1” cooperation is an open and inclusive rather than exclusive platform, which is shown in the presence of more and more observers to our summit meetings. Time has shown and will continue to show that “16+1” cooperation not only serves China and CEE countries well, but is also conducive to the balanced development and integration of Europe.
四要聯動發展、共創共享。“16+1合作”注重共同參與，相互借力給力、互促共進，使每個國家在合作中都能找到自己的位置，形成連帶效應和集成效應。我們注重彼此發展戰略和規劃的對接，加強經濟政策協調，推進基礎設施互聯互通，使合作導向與各國需求之間、規劃與實施之間、項目與融資之間形成聯動。我們堅持創新引領，積極探索新模式，不斷開辟新領域、搭建新平臺、催生新成果。
Fourth, interconnected development, joint contribution and shared benefits. Every country has a role in “16+1” cooperation and is encouraged to tap its potential and make its own contribution, so that the whole will be greater than the sum of its parts. We all attach importance to enhancing the complementarity and synergy between our development strategies and plans, strengthening economic policy coordination, and advancing infrastructure connectivity. We endeavor to gear our cooperation to the real needs of each country, and make sure that plans can be quickly put into action, and projects be matched by financing. We have also actively explored innovative approaches, applied new modalities, opened up new areas, built new platforms, and produced new results.
女士們，先生們！
Ladies and Gentlemen,
近年來，世界經濟復蘇遠不及預期，全球貿易處于30年來最嚴峻的時期，各國發展面臨不少困難和挑戰。今年9月在中國杭州成功舉辦的二十國集團領導人峰會，強調努力建設開放型世界經濟，重振國際貿易和投資兩大引擎，確保全球化背景下的經濟增長提供惠及更多人的機遇。中國愿與中東歐國家一道，順應經濟全球化發展的大勢，合力推動貿易和投資自由化便利化，共同反對貿易和投資保護主義，拓展各領域務實合作，既為自身發展提供動力，也為世界經濟復蘇貢獻力量。
The slower-than-expected world economic recovery and record-low level of global trade for 30 years have brought difficulties and challenges to the development of all countries. The successful G20 Hangzhou Summit held last September underscored the importance of building an open world economy, reviving the twin engines of international trade and investment, and creating opportunities for more people to benefit from economic growth in a globalized world. China stands ready to work with CEE countries to steer economic globalization forward by advancing trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, and rejecting trade and investment protectionism. And we should expand practical cooperation in various fields to boost our own development and contribute to world economic recovery.
——我們要擴大雙向貿易規模。大力營造良好的貿易投資環境，建立健全海關、檢驗檢疫溝通協調機制，發展跨境電子商務等新型貿易方式。中方不追求對中東歐國家的貿易順差，愿意進口市場需要的優質農產品和適銷對路的工業品，歡迎中東歐國家企業到中國參加各類展會，推介產品和品牌。也希望相關國家在市場準入、商務簽證等方面采取更加積極的措施，為中國產品和企業進入中東歐提供更多便利。
– We need to scale up two-way trade. This requires efforts to foster an enabling trade and investment environment, build sound communication and coordination mechanisms on customs, inspection and quarantine, and develop new ways of trade such as cross-border e-commerce. China does not pursue trade surpluses with CEE countries. We are willing to import more high-quality agricultural products and marketable industrial products from you, and we welcome the participation of CEEC businesses in various exhibitions in China to promote their products and brands. We also hope that relevant countries would take more active measures on market access and business visas and provide more facilitation for Chinese products and businesses to access CEE countries.
——我們要加快推進互聯互通。中方鼓勵有實力的企業以多種形式參與中東歐國家基礎設施建設。愿意推動匈塞鐵路和中歐陸海快線早日建成，打通縱貫中東歐地區的交通大動脈。支持亞歐之間運輸通道建設，增加中歐班列數量，在中東歐國家設立更多物流中心，進一步提升中東歐國家在亞歐大陸橋中的樞紐作用。
– We need to accelerate efforts for greater connectivity. China encourages well-established businesses to be involved in diversified ways in the infrastructure development in CEE countries. We will work for the early completion of the Budapest-Belgrade railway and the China-Europe Land-Sea Express Line and put in place an artery that spans the CEE region. We support efforts to develop transport pathways between Asia and Europe, increase the number of freight train services between China and Europe, set up more logistic centers in CEE countries and bolster the role of CEE countries as the hub of the Eurasian Land Bridge.
——我們要深入開展產能合作。中方愿與中東歐國家共建產業園區和技術園區，開展農產品深加工合作，幫助中東歐國家提升工業化水平和農產品附加值，增強可持續發展能力。中國有成熟的、技術水平和配套服務良好、性價比高的優勢裝備和產能，中東歐國家有加快工業化的需求，西歐發達國家有先進技術和管理經驗，把三方的優勢結合起來，能夠實現多贏和共贏。
– We need to deepen cooperation on production capacity. China is ready to build industrial and technological parks with CEE countries, conduct cooperation on deep processing of agricultural products, help CEE countries raise their level of industrialization and the value of their farm produce, thereby enhancing their capacity for sustainable development. China can offer high-quality and cost-effective equipment and production capacity supported by mature technologies and services. CEE countries are working to speed up industrialization. And Western European countries boast advanced technologies and managerial expertise. When we combine the strengths of the three parties, it could lead to all-win outcomes.
——我們要創新金融合作模式。我愿向大家宣布，去年我在蘇州領導人會晤時提議的16+1金融控股公司已正式成立。金融公司由中國工商銀行牽頭組建，通過商業化運作從全球市場募集資金，遵守歐盟成員國主權債務規定，重點支持16+1框架下采購中國裝備和產品的互聯互通和產能合作項目。
– We need to explore innovative modalities of financial cooperation. I would like to announce here that the 16+1 financial holding company I proposed last year in Suzhou has been officially established. Led by the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, the company is expected to raise funds from global markets through commercial operations. The company, which will be bound by EU provisions on sovereign debt of its members, will mainly finance connectivity and production capacity cooperation projects under the “16+1” framework for the purchase of Chinese equipment and products.
——我們要挖掘旅游合作潛力。各方應進一步放寬簽證政策，簡化入境手續，開通更多直航，為游客觀光、購物提供更為優質的服務。中方期望未來5年內中國和中東歐國家旅游交流人數翻一番，不斷深化人文交流，進一步拉緊雙方人民的感情紐帶，打造雙邊合作的新亮點。
– We need to tap the potential for tourism cooperation. We need to further relax visa policies, simplify border entry procedures, open more direct flights and provide better services to tourists. China looks forward to doubling the number of mutual visits between China and CEE countries in the coming five years and deepening cultural exchanges, which will bring our peoples closer to each other and create new highlights for our cooperation.
女士們，先生們！
Ladies and Gentlemen,
在座的企業家朋友很關心中國經濟形勢，我愿做簡要介紹。近年來，面對世界經濟復蘇乏力和國內長期積累的深層次矛盾凸顯的嚴峻挑戰，中國經濟運行一直保持在合理區間，增長速度位居主要經濟體前列，結構調整和轉型升級加快。今年前9個月，中國國內生產總值同比增長6.7%，經濟發展質量和效益有所提高，經濟運行總體呈現穩中有進、穩中向好的態勢。農產品供給充裕，物價保持基本穩定。工業增速和企業效益、進出口、投資企穩回升，消費和服務業對經濟增長的貢獻率穩步提高。特別是就業形勢保持穩定，前三季度城鎮新增就業1067萬人，9月份31個大城市城鎮調查失業率低于5%，為近年來首次。對中國這樣一個有著13億多人口的發展中大國來說，能夠保障比較充分的就業，特別是每年能為新增的700多萬大學畢業生、500多萬中等職業學校畢業生以及數百萬農民工提供工作崗位，是殊為不易的。這為改善人民生活、保持社會穩定奠定了堅實基礎。
Now, let me turn to the Chinese economy, a subject I know many business leaders are keen to learn more about. In recent years, despite serious challenges posed by a weak world economic recovery and the increasingly acute domestic imbalances that have built up over the years, we have managed to keep economic development within a reasonable range, outperformed most major economies in growth rate and achieved faster structural adjustment and upgrading. In the first nine months of this year, China’s GDP grew by 6.7%, with better quality and efficiency. By and large, the economy remains on an upward trajectory on the basis of steady performance.
Let me give you some facts and figures: the supply of agricultural products is abundant; CPI remains basically stable; industrial growth, corporate profits, import and export, and investment have steadied and rebounded; consumption and the services sector are contributing more to economic growth. It is particularly worth noting that employment has kept steady in China. In the first three quarters, a total of 10.67 million new jobs were created in the cities, and the surveyed unemployment rate in 31 major cities dropped below 5% in September for the first time in years. For a major developing country with more than 1.3 billion people like China, it is never an easy task to ensure relatively sufficient employment, considering that each year, more than 7 million college graduates, over 5 million vocational school graduates plus several million rural migrant workers will be looking for jobs. The sound employment situation has laid a solid foundation for improving people’s life and maintaining social stability.
中國經濟能夠戰勝各種困難，保持穩定增長并加快轉型，靠的是什么？概括起來說，靠的是我們主動適應經濟發展新常態，堅持適度擴大總需求，著力推進供給側結構性改革，不斷增強內在發展動力。主要有以下幾點：一是創新宏觀調控方式。面對經濟下行壓力，我們立足當前、著眼長遠，沒有實施“大水漫灌”式的強刺激，而是穩定和完善宏觀經濟政策，加強各種政策工具的創新和優化組合。積極的財政政策更加注重加力增效，以大幅度減稅降費減輕企業負擔，以補短板增強經濟發展后勁。中國政府負債率在主要經濟體中是比較低的，中央政府負債率為16%左右，實施積極的財政政策有較大空間。穩健的貨幣政策更加注重靈活適度，我們堅持不松不緊的政策取向，廣義貨幣（M2）一直按照增長13%左右的預期目標在調控，并沒有超發貨幣，9月末M2同比增長11.5%，同時，綜合運用各類貨幣政策工具，保持流動性合理充裕，疏通傳導機制，支持實體經濟發展。二是通過改革開放創新培育發展新動能。我們持續推進簡政放權、放管結合、優化服務等改革，深入實施創新驅動發展戰略，廣泛開展大眾創業萬眾創新，發展新動能加快成長。去年以來中國新增市場主體平均每天超過4萬戶，其中每天新登記企業1.2萬戶，今年前三季度增加到每天近1.5萬戶。同時，新技術、新產業、新業態、新模式不斷涌現。對傳統產業，我們一手抓改造升級，一手抓淘汰落后產能、化解過剩產能。前三季度累計完成全年化解鋼鐵、煤炭產能任務的80%以上，市場供求和企業效益有所改善。迅速成長壯大的發展新動能對促進經濟增長、結構優化、增加就業等發揮了重要支撐作用。三是積極防范和化解風險。隨著國內外多重困難傳導疊加、交織影響，一些風險隱患也在顯現。對此，我們統籌穩增長、調結構、防風險，綜合施策，目前風險總體可控，不會發生區域性系統性風險。我們正在深化金融改革，積極穩妥發展多層次資本市場，推動提高直接融資比重，鼓勵企業兼并重組，多策并舉逐步降低非金融類企業杠桿率。今年以來，人民幣匯率雙向浮動彈性增強，總體保持穩定，但也受到國際金融市場劇烈波動的影響。我們將堅持以市場供求為基礎、參考一籃子貨幣進行調節、有管理的浮動匯率制度。中國經濟的基本面決定了人民幣不存在長期貶值的基礎，我們有能力保持人民幣匯率在合理均衡水平上的基本穩定。對中國來講，最大的風險是不發展。只要中國經濟保持平穩健康發展，各種風險隱患將會在發展中逐步得到化解。展望未來，中國經濟發展潛力大、優勢足、回旋余地廣，完全能夠保持中高速增長、邁向中高端水平。我們對此充滿信心。
The Chinese economy will be able to surmount all difficulties, keep steady growth and accelerate transformation. Where does our confidence come from? It comes from China’s vigorous efforts to adapt to the economic new normal, pursue supply-side structural reform while appropriately expanding aggregate demand, and foster strong internal drivers of growth. To be specific, we have mainly taken the following steps. First, we explored innovative ways to conduct macroeconomic regulation. In the face of downward pressure, we did not resort to turning on the pumps out of a consideration for both short- and long-term interests. Instead, we took steps to stabilize and improve macroeconomic policies by creative application and optimizing of the tools kit. We endeavored to increase the robustness and efficiency of the proactive fiscal policy by giving priority to slashing taxes and fees to reduce burden on businesses, and strengthening weak links to shore up the sustainability of our economy. The debt ratio of the Chinese government is relatively low among the major economies. The figure for the central government is around 16%. This allows further room for the proactive fiscal policy.
As for the prudent monetary policy, we lay great emphasis on flexibility and moderation. We follow a policy approach that is neither too accommodative nor too tight. We set the target of keeping M2 growth around 13% and refrained from printing too much money. In late September, M2 grew by 11.5% year on year. At the same time, we used a variety of monetary policy tools to maintain reasonably adequate liquidity and make sure that monetary policies provide support to the real economy through smooth transmission.
Second, we are fostering new growth drivers through reform, opening-up and innovation. Thanks to our reform efforts to streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services, combined with a nationwide campaign to implement an innovation-driven development strategy and promote mass entrepreneurship and innovation, new growth drivers are taking shape at a fast speed. Since last year, an average day would see over 40,000 new entities enter into the Chinese market, among which 12,000 would be newly registered businesses. The number increased to nearly 15,000 a day in the first three quarters of this year. New technologies, new industries, new forms and models of businesses are thriving.
As for traditional industries, we have adopted a two-pronged approach by transforming and upgrading some of them while phasing out outdated ones and working off excess capacity. In the first three quarters, we completed over 80% of the annual target for cutting steel and coal capacity, contributing to better balance between market supply and demand as well as improved corporate performance. The rapidly growing new drivers have played an important role in bolstering economic growth, structural improvement and job creation.
Third, we have taken active steps to defuse risks. Due to a mixture of both domestic and international challenges, some latent risks have now come to the fore. In response, we have taken a host of measures to promote steady growth, adjust structure and forestall risks. The risks now are basically under control and any regional or systemic risks remain unlikely. We are taking multiple measures to lower the leverage ratio of non-financial companies. These include advancing financial reform, actively yet steadily developing multi-tier capital markets, increasing the share of direct financing, and encouraging merger and acquisition deals.
This year has seen greater elasticity in the RMB exchange rate in both directions. Though basically stable, it has also been affected by volatility in the international financial market. We will be committed to the managed floating RMB exchange rate regime based on market supply and demand and in reference to a basket of currencies. The fundamentals of the Chinese economy provide no basis for sustained depreciation of the RMB. We have the ability to keep the RMB exchange rate basically stable at an adaptive and equilibrium level. For China, the biggest risk lies in stalling development. As long as the Chinese economy keeps steady and sound growth, the various risks we face will be gradually addressed along the way. Looking ahead, with its big potential, solid strength and ample room for maneuver, the Chinese economy is well-positioned to sustain medium-high rate of growth and move to medium-high level of development. We are fully confident about this.
中國的發展是世界的機遇。中國經濟總量已超過10萬億美元，現在6.7%的增長形成的增量相當于5年前增長10%的增量，一年的經濟增量相當于一個中等規模經濟體的經濟總量。預計未來5年中國進口總額將達8萬億美元，利用外資總額達6000億美元，對外投資總額達7200億美元，出境旅游超過6億人次。中國的市場是開放的，而且會越來越開放。這必將為包括中東歐國家在內的各國企業帶來巨大商機。
The development of China presents opportunities to the whole world. With a total GDP worth more than $10 trillion, a 6.7% growth adds to the Chinese economy what a 10% growth did five years ago, and China’s economic increment for one year would be the GDP size of a medium-sized country. In the next five years, China is expected to import $8 trillion worth of goods, take in $600 billion of foreign investment, and make outbound investment worth $720 billion and over 600 million overseas visits. The Chinese market is open and will only be more so. China’s development will certainly bring enormous business opportunities to companies of all countries, including CEE countries.
女士們，先生們！
Ladies and Gentlemen,
拉脫維亞有句諺語，“原地踏步就是退步”，中國也有類似的成語，“逆水行舟，不進則退”。各方要凝聚共識，攜起手來，努力構建開放包容、互利共贏的新型伙伴關系，共同迎接中國－中東歐經貿合作的美好明天！
As a Latvian saying goes, “Stand still and you will be left behind.” We in China have a similar saying, “Like a boat sailing upstream, you will slide back if you don’t press forward.” Let us join hands and work with common purpose to build a new model of partnership featuring openness, inclusiveness and win-win outcomes. Together, we will usher in an even brighter future for China-CEEC trade and economic cooperation.
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