李克強總理在“中德論壇——共塑創新”上的演講。（中英對照）

做創新合作的“黃金搭檔”

China and Germany: Building a Golden Partnership on Innovation

 

——在“中德論壇——共塑創新”上的演講

– Speech at the China-Germany Forum: Shaping Innovation Together

 

中華人民共和國國務院總理  李克強

H.E. Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China

 

2017年6月1日，柏林

Berlin, 1 June 2017

 

尊敬的默克爾總理，

女士們、先生們、朋友們：

Chancellor Merkel,

Ladies and Gentlemen,

Friends,

很高興與大家相聚在美麗的柏林。柏林既有悠久歷史、又具現代活力，享有“歐洲創新之都”的美譽。在這里舉辦以“共塑創新”為主題的中德論壇，一定會給人更多新啟迪，催生更多新創意、新商機。我謹代表中國政府，對論壇的成功舉辦表示熱烈祝賀，向長期致力于中德友好合作的各界人士致以崇高敬意！

It is a great pleasure to meet you in the beautiful city of Berlin. Boasting a time-honored history, the dynamism of a modern metropolis and the reputation as the European capital of innovation, Berlin provides a fitting venue for the China-Germany Forum on innovation. I am sure our discussions here will trigger and foster new inspirations, new ideas and new business opportunities. On behalf of the Chinese government, I wish to congratulate you on the success of the forum and pay tribute to all those who have worked for friendship and cooperation between our countries.

三年前，我訪問德國期間，兩國發表以“共塑創新”為主題的《中德合作行動綱要》，這是迄今為止中德之間內容最為豐富的一份共同文件，也是指導兩國中長期創新合作的管總規劃。中國人常說，三年有成。三年來，在兩國各界人士共同努力下，中德創新合作邁出堅實步伐。兩國有關部門分別發表《中國戰略》、《德國戰略》，開創了大國科技合作的先例。兩國合作建設的首條“工業4.0”示范線在沈陽落地，這是“中國制造2025”與德國“工業4.0”對接的果實。中車集團與西門子公司聯袂生產的地鐵機車出口到美國、巴西等國，展現出三方合作的生命力。兩國科研機構和企業開創“2+2”合作模式，搭起了科研成果與市場應用之間的“高架橋”。沈陽、青島、蕪湖、揭陽、太倉等各具特色的中德產業園區蓬勃發展，正在成為中德創新合作的高地。

During my visit to Germany three years ago, our two countries issued a joint program of action on cooperation, with the theme of shaping innovation together. It is so far the most substantial joint document and the master plan on mid- to long-term innovation cooperation between our two countries. We Chinese often say, three years is a natural cycle for making real progress. Over the past three years, with the concerted efforts of people from all sectors, China-Germany innovation cooperation has taken solid steps. The competent departments of our two countries respectively issued the China Strategy and Germany Strategy, which is the first of its kind for science and technology cooperation between major countries.

We jointly built the first “Industry 4.0” demonstration production line in Shenyang, a concrete result of cooperation between “Made in China 2025” and “Industry 4.0.” Metro trains jointly developed by CRRC and Siemens are sold to the United States, Brazil and other countries, showing the dynamism of China-Germany cooperation in third countries. Our research institutes and companies have created the “2+2” cooperation model, building a bridge connecting research findings with market application. Sino-German industrial parks in Shenyang, Qingdao, Wuhu, Jieyang and Taicang, each with its distinctive features, have emerged as the front-runners of our innovation cooperation.

強有力的創新伙伴關系，為中德務實合作裝上了大功率“引擎”。這些年，全球貿易持續低迷，而中德雙邊貿易總體保持穩定。據德方統計，去年雙邊貿易額達1700億歐元，中國首次成為德國最大的貿易伙伴國，雙邊貿易占中歐貿易的30%。兩國貿易的技術含量和附加值逐漸提高，德國對華出口中機電產品和化工產品約占80%，自華進口中機電產品約占2/3。兩國投資合作由“單行道”進入“雙向道”。德國企業仍視中國為海外投資重要目的地，2016年對華投資增長74%。中國企業對德投資方興未艾，累計直接投資超過百億美元。兩國人才交流日趨活躍，超過4.5萬名中國學生在德深造，在華德國專家達3萬人、留學生超過8000人。中德創新合作堪稱發展中國家與發達國家合作的典范，在中歐創新合作中發揮引領作用。

Strong partnership for innovation has provided a powerful engine for China-Germany practical cooperation. In recent years, despite sluggish global trade, trade between China and Germany has been stable overall. According to German statistics, our two-way trade reached 170 billion euros last year. For the first time, China has become Germany’s largest trading partner, and Germany now accounts for 30 percent of total China-EU trade. The technological content and added value in our trade have been steadily increasing. About 80 percent of German exports to China are mechanical and electrical products and chemical products, and two thirds of German imports from China are mechanical and electrical products.

Investment cooperation between the two countries has moved from a one-way street onto a two-way lane. German companies still see China as a key destination for investment, with their investment in China growing by 74 percent in 2016. Investment by Chinese companies in Germany has been fast expanding, exceeding 10 billion U.S. dollars in accumulative terms. Our personnel exchange has increased. There are more than 45,000 Chinese students in Germany, and over 30,000 experts and 8,000 students from Germany in China. It is fair to say that China-Germany innovation cooperation has become an example of cooperation between a developing country and a developed country, playing a pivotal role in China-EU cooperation on innovation.

當前，全球經濟格局面臨深刻調整，新一輪世界科技革命和產業變革孕育興起，為各國創新合作帶來了前所未有的機遇。德國基礎研究領先，科技實力雄厚，發明創造眾多，工匠精神蜚聲世界，是公認的創新強國。中國市場規模巨大，人力資源豐富，產業體系齊全，互聯網經濟快速發展，在創新方面擁有得天獨厚的優勢。中德創新資源稟賦高度互補，可謂創新合作的“黃金搭檔”。中方愿同德方打造更緊密的創新伙伴關系，在創新合作中實現知識和價值的倍增、創新效率的倍增，以創新升級促進中德全方位合作升級。

The global economic landscape has been undergoing deep readjustment. A new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation are in the making. This has presented unprecedented opportunities for innovation cooperation among countries. Germany excels in basic research, technology, invention and workmanship, and is well-known for being an innovation powerhouse. China, on its part, has a big market, abundant human resources, full-fledged industrial system and fast-growing Internet economy, which provide unique advantages in innovation. Such a strong complementarity in innovation resources has made our two countries natural partners. China is ready to enhance its golden partnership on innovation with Germany to multiply knowledge, added value and innovation efficiency through cooperation and boost our all-round cooperation with an upgraded innovation partnership.

我們要加強戰略引領，握牢創新合作的“方向盤”。中德創新合作不局限于科技，而是貫穿經貿、社會、人文、生態、安全等各個領域。要保持高層密切交往，鞏固政治互信，發揮好中德政府磋商等高層對話機制的引領作用，使兩國創新合作始終沿著正確方向前進。下個月，習近平主席將訪問德國并出席二十國集團領導人漢堡峰會，這是深化中德全方位戰略伙伴關系、全面提升兩國創新合作的重要契機。要加快推進中國創新驅動發展戰略、“中國制造2025”、“互聯網+”和德國“工業4.0”、“高技術戰略”等戰略對接，推出更多示范性項目。加強“一帶一路”倡議和德國國際化發展倡議的戰略協同，共享重大發展機遇，共同應對全球性挑戰。

We need to strengthen strategic guidance and steer our innovation cooperation along the right course. China-Germany innovation cooperation is not limited to science and technology, but also runs through cooperation in economic, social, cultural, ecological and security fields. We need to maintain close high-level exchanges, cement political mutual trust, and fully leverage the leading role of our inter-governmental consultation and other high-level dialogue mechanisms to ensure that our innovation cooperation continues to move in the right direction.

Next month, President Xi Jinping will visit Germany and attend the G20 Hamburg Summit. This will be an important opportunity to deepen our all-round strategic partnership and elevate innovation cooperation. We should speed up efforts to synergize our development strategies, namely, China’s innovation-driven development strategy, “Made in China 2025” and “Internet plus” and Germany’s “Industry 4.0” and High-Tech Strategy, and roll out more pilot projects. We should also enhance strategic coordination between China’s Belt and Road Initiative and Germany’s global development initiative, share major development opportunities and jointly tackle global challenges.

我們要突出市場導向，明確創新合作的“路線圖”。創新只有面向市場、適應多樣化需求，才會擁有廣闊的空間。中方愿與德方進一步完善電動汽車、清潔水、未來城市、半導體照明等合作平臺，創新商業開發模式，更好滿足消費升級的需求；在人工智能、生物技術、物聯網、新一代信息技術等新興領域，鼓勵采用“2+2”國際合作模式，加快應用研究和技術轉移轉化，更好適應產業升級的需要；在汽車、軌道交通、基礎設施、農業等各具優勢的領域，加強技術研發和生產制造合作，推進標準對接互認，共同開拓第三方市場。基礎研究是應用研究的根基。中方愿學習借鑒德國基礎研究的經驗，鼓勵兩國高校、科研機構深化合作，在前沿領域催生一批重量級的研究成果。

We need to follow a market-oriented approach and lay out a roadmap for innovation cooperation. Only when innovation is geared toward diverse market needs can it enjoy vast possibilities. China is ready to work with Germany to strengthen cooperation platforms in such areas as electric vehicles, clean water, future city and semiconductor illumination, and introduce new models for business development to better respond to ever higher consumer demands. In emerging sectors such as artificial intelligence, biotechnology, the Internet of Things and new-generation information technologies, we will encourage the “2+2” model for international cooperation and speed up the efforts of applied research, and the transfer and application of technologies to better serve the needs of industrial upgrading.

In areas where we each have our comparative strengths, such as automobile, rail transport, infrastructure and agriculture, we need to enhance cooperation in R&D, production and manufacturing, promote the harmonization and mutual recognition of standards and jointly explore third-party markets. Basic research is the foundation of applied research. China is ready to learn from Germany’s experience in basic research and encourage greater cooperation among universities and research institutes of our two countries with a view to producing a number of research outcomes with visible impact in frontier areas.

我們要推動大中小企業融通創新，重塑創新合作的“生態圈”。中德創新合作既包括大企業間的合作，也包括中小企業間的合作，還要重視大中小企業融通創新合作。中德既有不少“頂天立地”的企業“航母”，也有“鋪天蓋地”的中小企業。德國“隱形冠軍”企業多達1300家，占全球近一半。中國也有數十萬家科技型中小企業，大眾創業、萬眾創新蓬勃興起。大中小企業在創新方面各具優勢，科技力量、資金實力、規模化生產等是大企業的強項，而奇思妙想多、經營機制活、市場反應快則是中小企業的優勢。過去的創新合作中，大企業居主導地位，中小企業主要為大企業生產零部件、提供專業化服務等，是從屬式的協作配套關系。現在的創新合作中，中小企業與大企業是雙向的、平等的。許多中小企業依托互聯網等信息平臺，為大企業提供研發、生產、管理等全產業鏈支持，是嵌合式的融通創新關系，這種創新合作的新模式、新趨勢前景廣闊。中方愿同德方一道，成立中小企業合作政府層面的機制，推動形成網絡式、集群式合作。搭建更多融通創新服務平臺，提供政策咨詢、人才培訓、項目落地、供需對接、資金扶持等全方位服務。加快各類中德產業聚集區建設，打造一批大中小企業融通創新的示范基地。

We need to promote integrated innovation of large, medium-sized and small enterprises and reshape the “ecosystem” for innovation cooperation. We should not just focus on innovation cooperation among large companies but also endeavor to promote cooperation among SMEs and integrated innovation among companies of different sizes. China and Germany both have “flagship” companies that are the backbone of their industries, but also countless SMEs spread across all sectors. Germany has some 1,300 “hidden champion” companies, which account for almost half of the world’s total. China also has hundreds of thousands of high-tech SMEs, and a booming nationwide campaign of entrepreneurship and innovation.

Companies of different sizes each have their unique advantages for innovation. While big companies are strong in technology, capital and scaled production, the strengths of SMEs come from their innovative ideas, flexible business operation and sensitivity to the market. In the past, innovation cooperation was mostly conducted between big companies, and SMEs were mainly responsible for providing components or specialized services for big companies. This is a model of subordinate collaboration. Now, SMEs and big companies are engaged in two-way and equal cooperation on innovation. Through the Internet and other information platforms, many SMEs can now provide big companies with services covering the whole industrial chain, from R&D, production to management. This is a relationship of interconnected and integrated innovation. This new model and new trend of cooperation promises broad prospect.

China is ready to work with Germany to set up a government mechanism for SME cooperation, and promote networked and clustered innovation cooperation. We will build more service platforms for integrated innovation, and provide all-round services in policy consulting, training of professionals, project implementation, supply-demand matching and funding support. We will speed up the building of various types of Sino-German industrial clusters, and set up demonstration bases for integrated innovation of large, medium-sized and small enterprises.

我們要營造自由開放的貿易投資環境，掛上創新合作的“加速擋”。當今世界的創新，是開放的創新。貿易自由化、投資便利化之于創新，就好比新鮮空氣對人一樣重要。中德都是經濟全球化的積極參與者，也是受益者，都堅定支持自由貿易。中國歷來從大局和長遠看待和處理貿易問題。中國對德貨物貿易和服務貿易長期存在逆差，我們希望雙邊貿易趨于平衡，但我們認為不應通過貿易保護實現貿易平衡，而要通過相互開放市場、擴大貿易規模，在發展中逐步解決貿易不平衡問題。中國鼓勵進口德國優質產品，歡迎德國企業到中國投資，愿同包括德國在內的歐盟國家推進雙向開放、平等開放，為兩國創新合作營造更加便利、公平的環境。我們也希望德國等歐盟國家放寬對華高技術產品出口管制，在投資審查方面公正對待中國企業，在簽證等方面給予更多便利。

We need to foster a free and open environment for trade and investment, and gear up innovation cooperation. Innovation of our age is open in nature. Trade liberalization and investment facilitation are as important to innovation as fresh air is to human beings. China and Germany have both contributed to and benefited from economic globalization. We both stand for free trade. China has always approached trade issues from an overall and long-term perspective. China has a long-standing trade deficit in both goods and services with Germany, and we hope to see more balanced trade between the two countries. Yet, we don’t think this shall be achieved through trade protectionism. Rather, we should expand our trade by opening our markets to each other, and address the issue of trade imbalance in the course of development. We encourage more imports of quality German goods and welcome German investment in China. We want to promote mutual openness on an equal footing with Germany and all other EU members and create a more friendly and fair environment for bilateral cooperation on innovation. We also hope that Germany and other EU members will loosen restrictions on high-tech exports to China, and provide Chinese companies with equal treatment in investment review and greater visa facilitation.

我們要完善政策支撐體系，為中德創新合作添加“助燃劑”。創新之火，需要政策之油“助燃”。中方愿與德方一道，整合外交、經濟、產業、科技等資源，加大公共資源投入，健全雙邊資助機制。中國國家開發銀行將設立第二期中德中小企業專項貸款。中方支持兩國各類創新主體共建智能制造聯盟、科技創新聯盟、職教合作聯盟。深化人文交流，鼓勵兩國留學生和青年科學家加強交流，推動落實兩國實習生交流計劃，辦好首個中德青年創新創業合作周。在創新合作中，中方嚴格保護企業知識產權，不要求強制轉讓技術。中方歡迎德國企業開拓中國新能源汽車市場。三方合作是中德創新合作的重要方向。兩國在阿富汗礦業人才培訓項目積累了有益經驗，雙方可在非洲等發展中國家推廣相關合作模式。

We need to strengthen policy support to boost China-Germany innovation cooperation. The flame of innovation needs to be fueled by sound policies. China stands ready to work with Germany to consolidate diplomatic, economic, industrial and scientific resources, step up input from public sources and improve bilateral funding mechanisms. The China Development Bank will launch the second phase of the special loan scheme for Chinese and German SMEs. China supports innovation entities from both countries in forging alliances on smart manufacturing, scientific and technological innovation and vocational education. We should deepen cultural and people-to-people exchanges by encouraging interactions between our students and young scientists, implementing the intern exchange program and ensuring the success of the first youth innovation and entrepreneurship week. In the process of innovation cooperation, China strictly protects IPRs of enterprises and does not require compulsory transfer of technology. We welcome German companies to explore business opportunities in China’s new energy vehicle market. Cooperation in third countries is an important area of China-Germany innovation cooperation. Our joint training program for mining professionals in Afghanistan can offer useful experience for our cooperation in Africa and other developing countries.

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