習近平在聯合國演講

在聯合國教科文組織總部的演講

Speech at UNESCO Headquarters

中華人民共和國主席　習近平

H.E. Xi Jinping President of the People’s Republic of China

2014年3月27日，巴黎

Paris, 27 March 2014

尊敬的博科娃總干事，女士們，先生們，朋友們：

Your Excellency Madame Irina Bokova, Director-General of UNESCO,Ladies and Gentlemen,Dear Friends,

大家好！有機會來到聯合國教科文組織總部，感到十分高興。首先，我謹對博科娃女士再次當選教科文組織總干事，表示衷心的祝賀！對教科文組織為推動人類文明交流互鑒作出的卓越貢獻，表示誠摯的敬意！

Good morning. It gives me great pleasure to have an opportunity of visiting the UNESCO headquarters. Let me begin by offering Madame Bokova my heartfelt congratulations on her re-election as the Director-General of the Organization and paying my sincere tribute to UNESCO for the extraordinary contribution it has made for greater exchanges and mutual learning among human civilizations.

教科文組織誕生于69年前，那時世界反法西斯戰爭硝煙剛剛散去。面對戰爭給人類帶來的慘烈后果，人類又一次反思戰爭與和平的真諦。千百年來，人類都夢想著持久和平，但戰爭始終像一個幽靈一樣伴隨著人類發展歷程。此時此刻，世界上很多孩子正生活在戰亂的驚恐之中。我們必須作出努力，讓戰爭遠離人類，讓全世界的孩子們都在和平的陽光下幸福成長。

UNESCO was born 69 years ago when the smoke of the World War against Fascism had barely dissipated. The grisly horror of war forced mankind once again to reflect on the nature of war and peace. Throughout the centuries, people have yearned for lasting peace, but war, like a haunting ghost, has been accompanying the journey of human progress every step of the way. As we speak, many children on this planet are subjected to the horror of armed conflicts. We must do our utmost to keep war as far away as possible from mankind so that children across the world can grow up happily under the sunshine of peace.

在教科文組織總部大樓前的石碑上，用多種語言鐫刻著這樣一句話：“戰爭起源于人之思想，故務需于人之思想中筑起保衛和平之屏障。

The stone wall at the entrance to the UNESCO headquarters carries the inscription of one single message in several languages: Since wars begin in the minds of men, it is in the minds of men that the defenses of peace must be constructed.

只要世界人民在心靈中堅定了和平理念、揚起了和平風帆，就能形成防止和反對戰爭的強大力量。人們希望通過文明交流、平等教育、普及科學，消除隔閡、偏見、仇視，播撒和平理念的種子。這就是教科文組織成立的初衷。

As long as the idea of peace can strike deep roots and the sail of peace can be hoisted in the hearts and minds of people all over the world, a strong defense will be constructed to prevent and stop war. People hoped to promote inter-civilization exchanges, equality of educational opportunities and scientific literacy in order to dispel estrangement, prejudice and hatred, and spread the seeds for the idea of peace. This is precisely why UNESCO was established in the first place.

這樣一種期待，這樣一種憧憬，是我們今天依然要堅守的。不僅要堅守，而且要通過跨國界、跨時空、跨文明的教育、科技、文化活動，讓和平理念的種子在世界人民心中生根發芽，讓我們共同生活的這個星球生長出一片又一片和平的森林。

The aspiration and vision as such deserve our renewed commitment. Not only so, but we must also step up cross-border, cross-time-and-space and cross-civilization activities in education, science, technology and culture to spread the seeds of the idea of peace far and wide so that they will sprout, take root and grow in the hearts and minds of the world’s people, and provide the planet we share with more and more forests of peace.

自1945年成立以來，教科文組織忠實履行使命，在增進世界人民相互了解和信任、推動不同文明交流互鑒方面進行了不懈努力。中國高度重視同教科文組織的合作，愿意加大參與教科文組織的各項活動。為體現對非洲的支持和幫助，我們決定把通過教科文組織向包括非洲國家在內的發展中國家提供的長城獎學金名額由每年25人擴大為75人，我們還將同教科文組織一道把援助非洲信托基金的活動繼續開展下去。

Since its inception in 1945, UNESCO has faithfully lived up to its mandate and worked untiringly to enhance trust and understanding among the world’s peoples and promote exchanges and mutual learning among the various civilizations. China attaches great importance to its cooperation with UNESCO and stands ready to expand its participation in UNESCO activities. We have decided to expand the Great Wall Fellowship, a scheme that provides scholarship to developing countries, African countries included via UNESCO, from 25 to 75 people every year to demonstrate China’s support and assistance for Africa. We will also continue to work within the framework of the UNESCO trust fund to help Africa.

女士們、先生們、朋友們！

Ladies and Gentlemen,Dear Friends,

文明因交流而多彩，文明因互鑒而豐富。文明交流互鑒，是推動人類文明進步和世界和平發展的重要動力。

Civilizations have become richer and more colorful with exchanges and mutual learning. Such exchanges and mutual learning form an important drive for human progress and global peace and development.

推動文明交流互鑒，需要秉持正確的態度和原則。我認為，最重要的是堅持以下幾點。

To promote exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations, we must adopt a right approach with some important principles. They, in my view, contain the following:

第一，文明是多彩的，人類文明因多樣才有交流互鑒的價值。陽光有七種顏色，世界也是多彩的。一個國家和民族的文明是一個國家和民族的集體記憶。人類在漫長的歷史長河中，創造和發展了多姿多彩的文明。從茹毛飲血到田園農耕，從工業革命到信息社會，構成了波瀾壯闊的文明圖譜，書寫了激蕩人心的文明華章。

First, civilizations have come in different colors, and such diversity has made exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations relevant and valuable. Just as the sunlight has seven colors, our world is a place of dazzling colors. A civilization is the collective memory of a country or a nation. Throughout history, mankind have created and developed many colorful civilizations, from earlier days of primitive hunting to the period of agriculture, and from booming industrial revolution to the information society. Together, they present a magnificent genetic map of the exciting march of human civilizations.

“一花獨放不是春，百花齊放春滿園?！比绻澜缟现挥幸环N花朵，就算這種花朵再美，那也是單調的。不論是中華文明，還是世界上存在的其他文明，都是人類文明創造的成果?！癆 single flower does not make spring, while one hundred flowers in full blossom bring spring to the garden.” If there were only one kind of flower in the world, people will find it boring no matter how beautiful it is. Be it the Chinese civilization, or other civilizations in the world, they are all fruits of human progress.

我參觀過法國盧浮宮，也參觀過中國故宮博物院，它們珍藏著千萬件藝術珍品，吸引人們眼球的正是其展現的多樣文明成果。文明交流互鑒不應該以獨尊某一種文明或者貶損某一種文明為前提。中國人在2000多年前就認識到了“物之不齊，物之情也”的道理。推動文明交流互鑒，可以豐富人類文明的色彩，讓各國人民享受更富內涵的精神生活、開創更有選擇的未來。

I have visited the Louvre Museum in France and the Palace Museum in China, both of which house millions of pieces of art treasures. They are attractive because they are able to present the richness of diverse civilizations. Exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations must not be built on the exclusive praise or belittling of one particular civilization. As early as over 2,000 years ago, the Chinese people came to recognize that “it is only natural for things to be different”. Greater exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations can further enrich the colors of various civilizations and the cultural life of people, and open up still greater alternatives in the future.

第二，文明是平等的，人類文明因平等才有交流互鑒的前提。各種人類文明在價值上是平等的，都各有千秋，也各有不足。世界上不存在十全十美的文明，也不存在一無是處的文明，文明沒有高低、優劣之分。

Second, civilizations are equal, and such equality has made exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations possible. All human civilizations are equal in terms of value. They all have their respective strengths and shortcomings. There is no perfect civilization in the world. Nor is there a civilization that is devoid of any merit. No one civilization can be judged superior to another.

我訪問過世界上許多地方，最喜歡做的一件事情就是了解五大洲的不同文明，了解這些文明與其他文明的不同之處、獨到之處，了解在這些文明中生活的人們的世界觀、人生觀、價值觀。我到過代表古瑪雅文明的奇琴伊察，也到過帶有濃厚伊斯蘭文明色彩的中亞古城撒馬爾罕。我深深感到，要了解各種文明的真諦，必須秉持平等、謙虛的態度。如果居高臨下對待一種文明，不僅不能參透這種文明的奧妙，而且會與之格格不入。歷史和現實都表明，傲慢和偏見是文明交流互鑒的最大障礙。

I have visited many places in the world. The best thing I wanted to do is to learn about differing civilizations across the five continents, what make them different and unique, how their people think about the world and life and what they hold dear. I have visited Chichen Itza, a window on the ancient Maya civilization, and the Central Asian city of Samarkand, an epitome of the ancient Islamic civilization. It is my keenly-felt conviction that an attitude of equality and modesty is required if one wants to truly understand the various civilizations. Taking a condescending attitude toward a civilization cannot help anyone to appreciate its essence but may risk antagonizing it. Both history and reality show that pride and prejudice are two biggest obstacles to exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations.

第三，文明是包容的，人類文明因包容才有交流互鑒的動力。海納百川，有容乃大。人類創造的各種文明都是勞動和智慧的結晶。每一種文明都是獨 特的。在文明問題上，生搬硬套、削足適履不僅是不可能的，而且是十分有害的。一切文明成果都值得尊重，一切文明成果都要珍惜。

Third, civilizations are inclusive, and such inclusiveness has given exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations the needed drive to move forward. The ocean is vast for it refuses no rivers. All civilizations are crystallizations of mankind’s hard work and wisdom. Every civilization is unique. Copying other civilizations mechanically or blindly is like cutting one’s toes just to fit his shoes, which is not only impossible but also highly detrimental. All achievements of civilizations deserve our respect and must be treasured.

歷史告訴我們，只有交流互鑒，一種文明才能充滿生命力。只要秉持包容精神，就不存在什么“文明沖突”，就可以實現文明和諧。這就是中國人常說的：“蘿卜青 菜，各有所愛。”

History also tells us that only by interacting with and learning from others can a civilization enjoy full vitality. If all civilizations can uphold inclusiveness, the so-called “clash of civilizations” will be out of the question and the harmony of civilizations will become reality. This is like what we Chinese often say, “radish or cabbage, each to his own delight.”

中華文明經歷了5000多年的歷史變遷，但始終一脈相承，積淀著中華民族最深層的精神追求，代表著中華民族獨特的精神標識，為中華民族生生不息、發展壯大提供了豐厚滋養。中華文明是在中國大地上產生的文明，也是同其他文明不斷交流互鑒而形成的文明。

Having gone through over 5,000 years of vicissitudes, the Chinese civilization has always kept to its original root. Unique in representing China spiritually, it contains some most profound pursuits of the Chinese nation and provides it with abundant nourishment for existence and development. Though born on the soil of China, it has come to its present form through constant exchanges and mutual learning with other civilizations.

公元前100多年，中國就開始開辟通往西域的絲綢之路。漢代張騫于公元前138年和119年兩次出使西域，向西域傳播了中華文化，也引進了葡萄、苜蓿、石榴、胡麻、芝麻等西域文化成果。西漢時期，中國的船隊就到達了印度和斯里蘭卡，用中國的絲綢換取了琉璃、珍珠等物品。中國唐代是中國歷史上對外交流的活躍期。據史料記載，唐代中國通使交好的國家多達70多個，那時候的首都長安里來自各國的使臣、商人、留學生云集成群。這個大交流促進了中華文化遠播世界，也促進了各國文化和物產傳入中國。15世紀初，中國明代著名航海家鄭和七次遠洋航海，到了東南亞很多國家，一直抵達非洲東海岸的肯尼亞，留下了中國同沿途各國人民友好交往的佳話。明末清初，中國人積極學習現代科技知識，歐洲的天文學、醫學、數學、幾何學、地理學知識紛紛傳入中國，開闊中國人的知識視野。之后，中外文明交流互鑒更是頻繁展開，這其中有沖突、矛盾、疑惑、拒絕，但更多是學習、消化、融合、創新。

In the 2nd century B.C., China began working on the Silk Road leading to the Western Regions. In 138 B.C. and 119 B.C., Envoy Zhang Qian of the Han Dynasty made two trips to those regions, spreading the Chinese culture there and bringing into China grape, alfalfa, pomegranate, flax, sesame and other products. In the Western Han Dynasty, China’s merchant fleets sailed as far as India and Sri Lanka where they traded China’s silk for colored glaze, pearls and other products. The Tang Dynasty saw dynamic interactions between China and other countries. According to historical documents, the dynasty exchanged envoys with over 70 countries, and Chang’an, the capital of Tang, bustled with envoys, merchants and students from other countries. Exchanges of such a magnitude helped the spread of the Chinese culture to the rest of the world and the introduction into China of the cultures and products from other countries. In the early 15th century, Zheng He, the famous navigator of China’s Ming Dynasty, made seven expeditions to the Western Seas, reaching many Southeast Asian countries and even Kenya on the east coast of Africa. These trips left behind many stories of friendly exchanges between the people of China and countries along the route. In late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty, the Chinese people began to learn modern science and technology with great zeal, as the European knowledge of astronomy, medicine, mathematics, geometry and geography were being introduced into China, which helped broaden the horizon of the Chinese people. Thereafter, exchanges and mutual learning between the Chinese civilization and other civilizations became more frequent. There were indeed conflicts, frictions, bewilderment and denial in this process. But the more dominant features of the period were learning, digestion, integration and innovation.

佛教產生于古代印度，但傳入中國后，經過長期演化，佛教同中國儒家文化和道家文化融合發展，最終形成了具有中國特色的佛教文化，給中國人的宗教信仰、哲學觀念、文學藝術、禮儀習俗等留下了深刻影響。中國唐代玄奘西行取經，歷盡磨難，體現的是中國人學習域外文化的堅韌精神。根據他的故事演繹的神話小說《西游記》，我想大家都知道。中國人根據中華文化發展了佛教思想，形成了獨特的佛教理論，而且使佛教從中國傳播到了日本、韓國、東南亞等地。

Buddhism originated in ancient India. After it was introduced into China, the religion went through an extended period of integrated development with the indigenous Confucianism and Taoism and finally became the Buddhism with Chinese characteristics, thus making a deep impact on the religious belief, philosophy, literature, art, etiquette and customs of the Chinese people. Xuanzang (Hiuen Tsang), the Tang monk who endured untold sufferings as he went on a pilgrimage to the west for Buddhist scriptures, gave full expression to the determination and fortitude of the Chinese people to learn from other cultures. I am sure that you have all heard about the Chinese classics Journey to the West, which was written on the basis of his stories. The Chinese people have enriched Buddhism and developed some special Buddhist thoughts in the light of Chinese culture, and helped it to spread from China to Japan, Korea, Southeast Asia and beyond.

2000多年來，佛教、伊斯蘭教、基督教等先后傳入中國，中國音樂、繪畫、文學等也不斷吸納外來文明的優長。中國傳統畫法同西方油畫融合創新，形成了獨具魅力的中國寫意油畫，徐悲鴻等大師的作品受到廣泛贊賞。中國的造紙術、火藥、印刷術、指南針四大發明帶動了世界變革，推動了歐洲文藝復興。中國哲學、文學、醫藥、絲綢、瓷器、茶葉等傳入西方，滲入西方民眾日常生活之中。《馬可·波羅游記》令無數人對中國心向往之。

In the course of some two thousand years and more, Buddhism, Islam and Christianity have been introduced into China successively, which allowed the country’s music, painting and literature to benefit from the advantages of other civilizations. China’s freehand oil painting is an innovative combination of China’s traditional painting and the Western oil painting, and the works of Xu Beihong and other masters have been widely acclaimed. China’s Four Great Inventions, namely, papermaking, gunpowder, movable-type printing and compass, led to changes in the world, including the European Renaissance. China’s philosophy, literature, medicine, silk, porcelain and tea reached the West and became part of people’s daily life. The Travels of Marco Polo generated a widespread interest in China.

大家都知道，中國有秦俑，人們稱之為“地下的軍團”。法國總統希拉克參觀之后說：“不看金字塔，不算真正到過埃及。不看秦俑，不算真正到過中國?！?987年，這一塵封了2000多年的中華文化珍品被列入世界文化遺產。中國還有大量文明成果被教科文組織列入世界文化遺產、世界非物質文化遺產、世界記憶遺產名錄。這里，我要對教科文組織為保存和傳播中華文明作出的貢獻，表示衷心的感謝！

Many people know about the terracotta warriors, “the buried legions of Emperor Qin”. After his visit to the site, President Chirac of France said that a visit to Egypt will not be complete without seeing the pyramids, and that a visit to China will not be complete without seeing the terracotta warriors. In 1987, this national treasure of China, shrouded in secrecy for over two thousand years, was put on the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage list. There are many more proud Chinese achievements that have been included in the World Cultural Heritage list, the World Intangible Cultural Heritage list and the Memory of the World list. Here, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to UNESCO for its contribution to the preservation and dissemination of the Chinese civilization.

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