完璧歸趙

戰(zhàn)國時候，趙王得到了一塊名貴寶玉“和氏璧”。這件事情讓秦國大王知道了，他就寫了封信，派人去見趙王，說秦王愿意用十五座城來換那塊寶玉。

趙王看了信，心里想，秦王一向是只想占便宜，不肯吃虧的人。這一次怎么這么大方吶？要不答應吧，怕秦國興兵來進攻，要答應吧，又怕上當。他想來想去拿不定主意，就跟大臣們商量。大臣們也想不出什么好辦法來。 藺相如知道了，對趙王，說：“大王，讓我?guī)е褪翔怠ヒ娗赝醢桑侥抢镂乙姍C行事。如果秦王不肯用十五座城來交換，我一定把‘和氏璧’完整地帶回來。”趙王知道藺相如是個又勇敢又機智的人，就同意他去了。

藺相如到了秦國，秦王在王宮里接見了他。藺相如雙手把“和氏璧”獻給秦王。秦王接過來左看右看，非常喜愛。他看完了，又傳給大臣們一個一個地看，然后又交給后宮的美女們?nèi)タ础ＬA相如一個人站在旁邊，等了很久，也不見秦王提起割讓十五座城的事兒，知道秦王根本沒有用城換寶玉的誠意。可是寶玉已經(jīng)到了秦王手里，怎么才能拿回來呢？他想來想去，想出了一個計策，就走上前去，對秦王說：“這塊‘和氏璧’看著雖然挺好，可是有一點小毛病，讓我指給大王看。”秦王一聽有毛病，趕緊叫人把寶玉從后宮拿來交給藺相如。

藺相如拿著“和氏璧”往后退了幾步，身子靠在柱子上，氣沖沖地對秦王說：“當初大王差人送信給趙王，說情愿拿十五座城來換趙國的‘和氏璧’。趙國大臣都說，千萬別相信秦國騙人的話，我可不這么想，我說老百姓還講信義吶，何況秦國的大王哩！趙王聽了我的勸告，這才派我把‘和氏璧’送來。方才大王把寶玉接了過去，隨便交給下面的人傳看，卻不提起換十五座城的事情來。這樣看來，大王確實沒有用城換璧的真心。現(xiàn)在寶玉在我的手里。如果大王硬要逼迫我，我情愿把自己的腦袋跟這塊寶玉一塊兒碰碎在這根柱子上！”說著，藺相如舉起“和氏璧”，對著柱子，就要摔過去。

秦王本來想叫武士去搶，可是又怕藺相如真的把寶玉摔碎，連忙向藺相如賠不是，說：“大夫不要著急，我說的話怎么能不算數(shù)哩！”說著叫人把地圖拿來，假惺惺地指著地圖說：“從這兒到那兒，一共十五座城，都劃給趙國。”藺相如心想，秦王常常會耍鬼把戲，可別再上他的當！他就跟秦王說：“這塊‘和氏璧’是天下有名的寶貝。我送它到秦國來的時候，趙王齋戒了五天，還在朝廷上舉行了隆重的送寶玉的儀式。現(xiàn)在大王要接受這塊寶玉，也應該齋戒五天，在朝廷上舉行接受寶玉的儀式，我才能把寶玉獻上。”秦王說：“好！就這么辦吧！”他就派人送藺相如到賓館去休息。

藺相如拿著那塊寶玉到了公館里。就叫一個手下人打扮成一個買賣人的樣兒，把那塊寶玉包著，藏在身上，偷偷地從小道跑回到趙國去了。至于秦王會把他怎么樣，他一點也沒有考慮。后來秦王發(fā)覺這件事，后悔已經(jīng)來不及了，想發(fā)兵攻打趙國吧，趙國在軍事上作了準備，怕打不贏。最后秦王只好放藺相如回到趙國去。

這件事情在歷史上就叫作“完璧歸趙”。直到今天，人們談起這段故事來，還對藺相如的英勇行為翹大拇指哩。

to return the jade intact to the State of Zhao

In the Warring States Period (zhàn guó 戰(zhàn)國,481 - 386BC),Zhao Wang (zhao wang 趙王),the King of the State of Zhao (zhào guó 趙國) got an extraordinarily fabulous jade from someone. Qin Wang (qín wáng 秦王) the ruthless ruler of the state of Qin (qín guó 秦國),who reigned a far more powerful country,also wanted the rare treasure badly,promising to exchange it with 15 cities.

It posed a thorny issue for Zhao Wang since he knew the personality of Qin Wang very well. The great chance were that he would obtain the jade without giving out 15 cities. However,given the strong militatry power of the state of Qin, Zhao Wang just couldn’t turn him down. Zhao Wang and his officials weren’t able to figur out a proper solution to deal with the stiky issue even after several discussions. At that critical point,one offical strongly recommended one of his bold and talented retainers named Lin Xiang ru (lìn xiàng rú 藺相如),as an envoy to the State of Qin. Zhao Wang interviewed Lin in person some days later. In the face of the king,Lin pledged that he would bring the jade back to the state of Zhao intact. Zhao Wang nodded with broad smiling on his face.

Later,Lin arrived in the state of Qin,presenting the shining jade to Qin Wang. Putting the treasure in his palm,qinwang was totally involved in appreciating it,almost forgot the surroundings. After through that ,he passed the jade to his officials and imperial concubines for seeing,without showing any attempt to give 15 cities as he previously pledged to do.
Wating for a long time,Lin was pretty angry and feeling humiliated,thinking about how to handle this tough situation. Suddenly,one idea jumped into his mind. He stepped forward ,saying:"my respectful king,there are some tiny flaws within the jade,let’me show you." Qin Wang handed the jade to Lin without hesitation.

As soon as he got the jade,Lin run to one of the pillars in the palace,shouting to Qin Wang:"Oh, my king,you are just enjoying yourself in apprecating the jade,not even bothered to mention the contract you pledged before,Which obviously demonstrating your insincerity. Thus,I made my mind to take back the jade.I 'll pumped myself rashily to the pillar along with the jade in the case you urged me to give you the jade." Being scared of the ruin of the jade,Qin Wang apologized to Lin instantly and asked his subsidiary to bring a piece of map,showing the 15 cities that he planned to present to the state of Zhao,plus,he added that he would set up a very formal and grand ceremony to pay his tribute to Lin’s coming.

Lin saw throuh Qin wang 's plot at once. In that night,he instructed one of his soldiers ,in shabby clothes,to send the jade back to the state of Zhao as quickly as possible. Several days later,Lin told Qin Wang during the banquet:"I ‘ve already sent the jade to the state of Zhao after sensing your insincerity. Nevertheless,don’t be nervous my king,I’m not trying to break the contract as you might perceived so. As we all admit that,the state of Qin is incomparaet to the state of Zhao. Once you hand over the cities,we are not dare to refuse to give you the jade.Well,I knew clearly that what I did are due to offend you. So,please boil me to death for the wrong doing I commited.”

Small wonder,Qin Wang flied into rage the instant he heard the statement,but he had no alternative but to let Lin go. If he killed Lin,not only did he won't obtain the jade,but aslso would devastate the realationshipbetween the state of Zhao and the state of Qin.Therefore,Lin retruned to his hometown also intact.

Atfer ward, “to return the jade intact to the State of Zhao” is used to refer giving back sonmting incontact to its owner.

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