這是一個新的專題，目的是直擊CET考點之綜合改錯！第一期我們已經概括介紹了綜合改錯題的解答技巧，從本期欄目開始，我們會通過專項來提高我們的解題能力！ 錯誤類型1.邏輯表達錯誤 2.介詞使用錯誤 3.代詞使用錯誤 4.非謂語動詞使用錯誤 5.主謂語前后不一致錯誤 6.名詞的錯誤 7.代詞使用錯誤 8.冠詞的錯誤 9.句子結構的錯誤 10.時態語態和語氣的使用錯誤 11.易混淆詞的使用錯誤。一、邏輯表達的錯誤邏輯表達錯誤是由于某個詞語使用不當而造成文章在語義上前后不一致或者矛盾的錯誤類型，具有難度大、不易發現的特點。這類錯誤往往需要在考生充分理解全文并具有較強的語言綜合應用能力的基礎上方可解答。一般來說，邏輯表達錯誤包括兩種類型。 第一種是反義詞的使用錯誤，常見的這類錯誤有：①派生反義詞，如：encourage-discourage，load-unload，satisfy-dissatisfy等；②互補性反義詞，如：dead-alive，boy-girl，man-woman，male-female，brother-sister，married-single等；③換位性反義詞，如：buy-sell，give-receive，lend-borrow，husband-wife，parent-child，left-right等；④相對性反義詞，如：easy-hard，big-small，cold-hot，old-young，wide-narrow，love-hate等；⑤按上下文語義，行中多用了not或no，或必須添上not或no。 第二種是連接詞的使用錯誤，包括：①并列連詞，如：and，but，for，or等；②主從連詞，這類詞較多，如：because，(al)though，if，unless，before，after，until，as，while，whereas等；③連接性副詞，如：however，moreover，besides，nevertheless，then，thus等；④連接性介詞，如：because of，despite，besides，instead of等。下面通過一些例題的講解，希望大家可以從中尋找出命題規律，并了解常見邏輯錯誤類型的特點。例1Recently more and more attention has been focusedon the problem of preserving the environment.www.yingyuzuowen.cnThe fact that a Government Ministry called theDepartment of the Environment has been createdshows how unimportant the issue is considered to be. 1.__________Many other countries have established similar organizations.這段文章，所要表達的意思是：人們對環境問題的重視，并成立了環境部，從而意在說明環境這個問題是多么的重要。顯而易見，該處的unimportant應該改為具有肯定意義的important。此處錯誤屬于第一種，即反義詞的使用錯誤。例2In our society all kinds of work are equally important.For example, the work of a completely uneducatedfarmer is in some sense more important than that of aprofessor: we can live without education, so we die if we 1. __________have no food. This is a simple truth that everybodybelieves. Although no one cleaned our streets and took the 2. __________rubbish away from our house, we would get terriblediseases in our towns.在這段文章，第一處要表達的意思是：農民的工作在某種程度上甚至比教授還重要，這是因為不受教育我們照樣能活下去，但是沒有食物我們卻無法存活。因此應該將so改為but，這樣才符合文章的邏輯。第二處錯誤，咋看似乎是一個讓步從句，然而后文卻毫無轉折之意，其實它是一個條件式虛擬語句，應該將although改為if。這兩處錯誤均屬于邏輯表達錯誤中的第二種，即連接詞使用錯誤。這類錯誤比較第一種錯誤來說，重在考查考生對英語語言的應用方面。通過例題以及解答不難看出，邏輯錯誤主要是考查學生對整篇文章的理解，一般不容易第一眼便發現，只有我們讀完全文或者上下文之后才可以把握。練習題1 There are many arguments for and against television.The poor quality of its program is often criticized and TVcommercials are also boring. So television is undoubtedly 1.__________a great comfort to many lonely and elderly people.2 The manager of a large office building had receivedmany complains about elevator service in the building,but he engaged a group of engineers to study the situation 2.__________and make recommendation for improvement.3 We asked a lady, who replied that she thoughtyou could tell a well-mannered person by the waythey occupied the space around them——for example,when such a person walks down a street he or she isconstantly unaware of others. Such people never 3.__________bump into other people.4 Until the very latest moment of his existence,man has been bound the planet on which heoriginated and developed. Now he has the capabilityto leave that planet and move out into the universe tothose worlds which he has known previously only directly. 4.__________5 One major decision which faces the Americanstudents ready to begin higher education is thechoice of attending a large university or a smallcollege. The large university provides a wide range ofspecialized departments as well as numerous courseswithin such departments. The small college, therefore, 5.__________generally provides a limited number of coursesand specializations but offers a better student-facultyratio, thus permitting individualized attention to students.6 Music the Johnny has learned to appreciate asunpleasant is just dull noise to Jimmy——and quite 6.__________possible, vice versa.7 We are learning, finally, that silence is a naturalresource and must be protected by law. It appearsthat we all find company in sound, if we all 7.__________demand a little quiet from time to time.8 The farmer aroused at down or before it andhad much work to do, with his own muscles as hischief source of power. He used axes, spades and 8.__________other complicated tools.9 Whether women who have started a careerwill attain pay equality with men rests on at leasttwo factors. First, will most of them continuepart-time at their jobs after they have children? A 9.__________break in their employment, or a decision to workpart-time, will slow their raises and promotions asit would for men.10 Whether true or not, the story illustrates theproblem with idioms. They are almost possible to 10.__________understand from the meanings of the individualwords. And with English idioms, even the samewords may have different meanings.