5月7日雅思寫作考試大作文話題：

Some people think teaching children different abilities together benefits everyone, but others think intelligent children should be taught separately and given special treatment. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

有人認為集中給孩子們教授不同的技能可以使所有的人收益，但有人認為聰明的孩子應該單獨培養特殊對待。討論以上2種觀點并給出你的看法。

1.話題詞匯

‘Grouping’ by ability, or ‘tracking’, or ‘streaming’ means that students are placed into groups defined by their ability levels. Students may be grouped by ability Students’ assignment to an ability group may be temporary, changing during the year, or relatively permanent.

所以分層教育，一般可以用tracking education 或者streaming education來表達。意思就是grouping by ability或者ability grouping ability tracking(按能力分組)。

傳統的混合教育mixed-ability education

fast-track class 快班 low-track class 慢班 perpetuate the inequality in the classroom 課堂的不平等永久化

stigma恥辱 self-esteem 自尊心 greater equity/ in the classroom 課堂平等

2.話題概述：

The issue of ability grouping in schools has been the subject of debate for many years and will be for years to come (Hopkins, 2003). Many have feared that ability grouping will hinder the advancement of students with low ability since there will be an emphasis on basic knowledge instead of advanced learning. On the other hand, proponents insist that that grouping by ability has the potential of improving student achievement by increasing level of motivation.

分層教育與傳統教育孰優孰劣，目前尚未有定論。

3.支持分層教育的觀點：

Advocates of grouping by ability claim that it can raise achievement standards since teachers can target their instruction and use resources more effectively.

因為能更有針對性的教學，更有效地使用教學資源，所以可以提升教學水平。

We do group the children so that small group work can target their specific needs. We are supposed to individualize wherever we can.

分層使得特定人群的需求可以得到更好的滿足。

ability tracking will enhance achievement and improve self-concept among students.

改善自我認知

grouping by ability has the potential of improving student achievement by increasing level of motivation.

因為使得學習動力得到了增強，分層教育有提升學生成績的潛在可能。

4.反對分層教育的觀點：

grouping by ability can have adverse effects on students’ attitudes towards schooling and their self-esteem.

使得學生對學習的態度和自尊心受到不良的影響。

It is very difficult to distinguish ‘ability’ from ‘prior achievement’.SO use of grouping by ability is associated with worse overall student performance.

學生的“真實能力”很難與“以往的成績”區分開，所以分層教育往往是跟學習成績掛鉤

Students placed in higher ability groups may perform better but students placed in lower ability groups typically perform worse than in mixed ability groups.

劃入慢班的學生的學習表現明顯低于混合班。

There is a tendency for lower teacher expectation and lower quality of instruction in lower ability groups.

慢班中，對老師水平和教學水平期望值往往偏低。

For students assigned to low-ability groups, there are negative effects on their self-esteem, motivation and attitudes towards schooling. Research suggests that students in non-grouped settings, especially for those with lower achievement, have more healthy and positive attitudes towards school than students in grouped settings.

混合班的學習往往比慢班的學生有更好的學習態度，更強的學習動力，更強的自尊心。

Ability grouping promotes stigma and destroys academic motivation especially among the slow learning students; self-esteem is regarded to be the condition that aids student achievement.

分層教學促進了一種“恥辱文化”并摧毀了慢班學生的學習動力。

the group placement produced increments in academic achievement for high-achieving students at the loss of these gains among the low-ability students.

分層教育加速不公

when placed in mixed-ability group, low-achieving students attained the most advantage while setbacks on high-achieving students are minimal.

傳統混合教育造福后進生而且并未對先進生造成不良影響。

5.小編總結：

基本上，從網絡上的找到的各種研究來看，一般認為，分層教學使先進生（high achieving）變得更強，使后進生（low achieving）變得更弱，所以從一種更加寬容人道的角度出發，分層教學會帶來學生的優劣差距(performance gap)擴大，降低了流動性（social mobility），也就是說，造成了更大的社會不公，是不值得提倡的。相反，在傳統的混合教育中，相比較而言，主要是會是后進生獲利，他們在各方面都能得到較大提升。當然，這就對先進生有一點不公平了。

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