2017英語專業八級作文話題：大數據衡量貧困生補助資格

　　2016專八改革后專八作文類型更趨于題材作文，不僅需要考生對詞匯及語法的熟悉運用更是對考生思維拓展的一項考察，新東方在線英語專八頻道整理了一系列2017英語專業八級作文話題供考生們參考練習。

　　Jiangsu University in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu province, recently disqualified 21 students from receiving subsidies intended for impoverished students based on their monthly mobile phone payments, Beijing News reported on May 9.

　　Another school, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, had previously used students’ monthly consumption habits in the university canteen to determine who needed financial support. What Jiangsu University did, however, is more controversial because phone fees say little about a student’s financial situation.

　　Schools have turned to using consumption habits as a metric for poverty in an effort to spare families from public embarrassment. In the past, applications for financial support were disclosed for public scrutiny, and some families felt uncomfortable with the possibility that their private finances might be published for all to see.

　　However, the use of big data, which only applies to how much students spend during a certain period of time, is still unable to identify whether they are from rich or poor families.

　　In many developed countries, college students do not have to go through these kinds of appraisals to receive subsidies. All they need is evidence of their family’s income and taxes. A fake application is usually easily identified and will become an indelible stain on a student’s record.

　　Many Chinese colleges, by contrast, do require students to provide verified information about their family’s income. In certain cases, students – sometimes assisted by their families – forge their documents so they can masquerade as impoverished students. The certificates used as proof of income in China are much harder to verify.

　　Universities that make the switch to a system based on big data face several obstacles. First, they have to be careful not to infringe upon students’ legal interests or selectively collect their information. To bolster their big data systems, some schools are using alumni networks and local governments to get a better idea of each student’s financial background. To further prevent fraudulent applications, the country also needs to keep improving the nationwide credit investigation system.

　　據《新京報》5月9日消息，位于江蘇省鎮江市的江蘇大學最近取消了21名學生的貧困補助資格，學校的依據是他們每月的話費賬單。

　　另一所高校——南京理工大學此前也曾依據學生在學校食堂的消費情況決定誰有資格獲得貧困補助。不過江蘇大學的做法引起了更大的爭議，因為話費并不能說明學生的經濟狀況。

　　為了免除學生家庭(因為經濟狀況暴露)在公眾面前的尷尬，學校轉而以消費習慣作為衡量貧困與否的標準。過去，貧困補助申請都要公開審查，這讓一些家庭感到不適，因為這樣他們的個人經濟狀況很有可能會被曝光在眾目睽睽之下。

　　不過大數據只適用于調查學生在特定時間內的花銷，并不能辨別出學生家庭是富裕還是貧困。

　　在許多發達國家，大學生獲得資助不需要通過這類評估。他們只要將家庭的收入和納稅證明交給學校即可。造假的申請通常很容易被識破，而這將成為學生信用記錄上擦不掉的污點。

　　相較之下，許多中國大學確實要求學生提供能夠證明家庭收入的信息。但在某些情況下，學生，有時在家人的協助下，會對資料造假，那么他們就能偽裝成貧困生了。在中國，核實貧困家庭收入證明的難度更大。

　　將評估體系轉變為使用大數據的高校也面臨著不少困難。首先，它們要小心以免損害了學生的合法權利，或者收集到的學生信息帶有偏向性。作為大數據系統的補充，有些學校利用自己的校友網絡和地方政府信息更準確地獲得學生的經濟背景。為了進一步杜絕虛假申請，我國還需要進一步完善國家信用調查體系。

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