在托福獨立寫作部分我們經(jīng)常會需要對自己所支持觀點表示擁立，這種觀點的表達(dá)可以通過和其他觀點的對比或比較得出，而為了避免出現(xiàn)”踩一捧一“影響整體結(jié)構(gòu)的順暢性，我們可以適當(dāng)采用讓步段寫作來鋪陳觀點。那么如何才能寫好讓步段呢？

首先我們需要明確讓步的概念——承認(rèn)“我方“觀點的缺陷&承認(rèn)“敵方”觀點的優(yōu)點或合理之處。然后我們需要了解讓步的兩大原則：1）Typical----舉出的反方觀點具有代表性2）Manageable----有方法反駁或削弱此反方觀點。

在“我承認(rèn)我這個觀點有不好的地方，我也承認(rèn)他那個觀點有好的地方“之后，我們就需要開始對對方觀點進(jìn)行反駁或削弱以強化自身觀點更好了。具體反駁和削弱的策略如下：

1）反駁

提出已有的/潛在的解決方案

闡明道理/情況恰恰相反

2）削弱

強調(diào)我方觀點的缺陷小

與對方觀點在此方面的缺陷比較，體現(xiàn)其小

與我方觀點的其他優(yōu)勢比較，體現(xiàn)其小

強調(diào)對方觀點的優(yōu)點/合理之處小

與我方觀點在此方面的合理之處/優(yōu)勢比較

與對方觀點的其他缺陷比較

最后，如何寫讓步段可以借鑒一下綜合寫作聽力部分的表達(dá)方式，很多時候都是先讓步承認(rèn)閱讀相應(yīng)要點有一定合理性，繼而反駁或削弱其合理性

下面我們來看兩道例題：

【題目舉例1】

Do you agree or disagree with the followingstatement?

Working at home using computers ortelephones is better than working in the office.

總觀點：Working in the office is better. （在辦公室工作比在家辦公好）

讓步段：在家辦公雖然讓人“over-relaxed”，但也不該完全否定。接下來提出了潛在的解決方案，也就是“We can easily fight this by giving employees clear and exact taskdescriptions and deadlines and ask them to report their progress from time totime.”

Admittedly, people tend to be over-relaxedand less efficient when they work at home--no supervision from directors, nopressure from their diligent peers, and in the meantime more possibilities forleisure and entertainment, even the household chores can be distracting. But isthis enough to deny working at home? Of course not. We can easily fight this bygiving employees clear and exact task descriptions and deadlines and ask themto report their progress from time to time. We may also set some punishmentrules for those who cannot finish the tasks well or cannot finish on time. Inthis way, the efficiency of working at home can be secured and we can betterenjoy the benefits it brings.

【題目舉例2】

Some students prefer to study alone. Othersprefer to study with a group of students.

Which do you prefer?

總觀點：I prefer study with a group of students.(比起單獨學(xué)習(xí)，更喜歡和一組人一起學(xué)習(xí))

讓步段：先簡短地承認(rèn)單獨學(xué)習(xí)也有許多優(yōu)點，但是優(yōu)點不多，接著將優(yōu)點與單獨學(xué)習(xí)的其他缺點相比較，以顯示其“ disadvantages far exceed the advantages”

Admittedly, studying alone has many merits,such as providing us with more quietness to look into ourselves and dig out ourown inner wisdom instead of letting our mind be flooded with the ideas fromothers. However, its disadvantages far exceed the advantages. It cannot rivalgroup study neither in the kind of help and encouragement we get from our studypartners, nor in the gains we make in the understanding of team spirit and theability of performing group task by working together.

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