one day it occurred to a certain emperor that if he only knew the answers to three questions, he would never stray in any matter.

what is the best time to do each thing? who are the most important people to work with? what is the most important thing to do at all times?

the emperor issued a decree throughout his kingdom announcing that whoever could answer the questions would receive a great reward. many who read the decree made their way to the palace at once, each person with a different answer.

in reply to the first question, one person advised that the emperor make up a thorough time schedule, consecrating every hour, day, month, and year for certain tasks and then follow the schedule to the letter. only then could he hope to do every task at the right time.

another person replied that it was impossible to plan in advance and that the emperor should put all vain amusements aside and remain attentive to everything in order to know what to do at what time.

someone else insisted that, by himself, the emperor could never hope to have all the foresight and competence necessary to decide when to do each and every task and what he really needed was to set up a council of the wise and then to act according to their advice.

someone else said that certain matters required immediate decision and could not wait for consultation, but if he wanted to know in advance what was going to happen he should consult magicians and soothsayers.

the responses to the second question also lacked accord.

one person said that the emperor needed to place all his trust in administrators, another urged reliance on priests and monks, while others recommended physicians. still others put their faith in warriors.

the third question drew a similar variety of answers. some said science was the most important pursuit. others insisted on religion. yet others claimed the most important thing was military skill.

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the emperor was not pleased with any of the answers, and no reward was given.

after several nights of reflection, the emperor resolved to visit a hermit who lived up on the mountain and was said to be an enlightened man. the emperor wished to find the hermit to ask him the three questions, though he knew the hermit never left the mountains and was known to receive only the poor, refusing to have anything to do with persons of wealth or power. so the emperor disguised himself as a simple peasant and ordered his attendants to wait for him at the foot of the mountain while he climbed the slope alone to seek the hermit.

reaching the holy man's dwelling place, the emperor found the hermit digging a garden in front of his hut. when the hermit saw the stranger, he nodded his head in greeting and continued to dig. the labor was obviously hard on him. he was an old man, and each time he thrust his spade into the ground to turn the earth, he heaved heavily.

the emperor approached him and said, "i have come here to ask your help with three questions: when is the best time to do each thing? who are the most important people to work with? what is the most important thing to do at all times?"

the hermit listened attentively but only patted the emperor on the shoulder and continued digging. the emperor said, "you must be tired. here, let me give you a hand with that." the hermit thanked him, handed the emperor the spade, and then sat down on the ground to rest.

after he had dug two rows, the emperor stopped and turned to the hermit and repeated his three questions. the hermit still did not answer, but instead stood up and pointed to the spade and said, "why don't you rest now? i can take over again." but the emperor continued to dig. one hour passed, then two. finally the sun began to set behind the mountain. the emperor put down the spade and said to the hermit, "i came here to ask if you could answer my three questions. but if you can't give me any answer, please let me know so that i can get on may way home."