Scorn Not the Sonnet
Scorn Not the Sonnet
by William Wordsworth
Scorn not the Sonnet; Critic, you have frowned,
Mindless of its just honours; with this key
Shakspeare unlocked his heart; the melody
Of this small lute gave ease to Petrarch's wound;
A thousand times this pipe did Tasso sound;
With it Camoens soothed an exile's grief;
The Sonnet glittered a gay myrtle leaf
Amid the cypress with which Dante crowned
His visionary brow: a glow-worm lamp,
It cheered mild Spenser, called from Faeryland
To struggle through dark ways; and, when a damp
Fell round the path of Milton, in his hand
The Thing became a trumpet; whence he blew
Soul-animating strains--alas, too few!
論十四行詩
屠岸 譯
別輕視十四行詩,批評家!你冷若冰霜,
毫不關(guān)心它應(yīng)有的榮譽(yù);莎士比亞
用這把鑰匙開啟了心扉!這小琵琶
奏出的旋律醫(yī)好了彼得拉克的創(chuàng)傷;
塔索把這支笛子千百遍吹響;
加莫恩斯用它減輕了放逐的哀愁!
但丁將柏冠戴上了沉思的額頭——
十四行詩就是一葉華美的桃金娘
在那柏枝間發(fā)光;它是盞螢火燈,
使那溫和的斯本塞從仙境里醒來
向黑暗斗爭時感到愉快;而密爾頓
路遇漫天的大霧,十四行詩就在
他手中變成了號角,他用這樂器
吹出了動魄的歌曲——太少了,可惜!
詩歌賞析
華茲華斯的這首詩既表達(dá)了詩人對十四行詩的總體評價,也是對過去寫作十四行詩的詩人給予獨特的評價。華茲華斯在此詩中歷數(shù)西方詩壇風(fēng)流人物與十四行詩的不解之緣。他寫道:莎士比亞用它作為鑰匙(key)開啟心扉;彼特拉克以它為提琴(lute),奏出的旋律撫慰創(chuàng)傷;意大利文藝復(fù)興后期詩人塔索也以之為琴,奏出同樣的曲調(diào);十六世紀(jì)葡萄牙抒情詩人卡蒙斯用它減輕流放的悲痛;它成了裝飾在但丁頭上一片閃光的田園葉子(leaf);它是引領(lǐng)斯賓塞走在黑暗路上的一盞燈(lamp),它又是彌爾頓手里的一只號角(trumpet)。
全詩每行十個音節(jié),分五個抑揚(yáng)格韻步,前八行的韻式為abba abba,后六行韻式為cdc dee。其中后六行韻式與前一首又有所不同,即最后兩行的押韻,類似莎士比亞體的最后兩行韻式。這里又體現(xiàn)出華茲華斯對押韻格式所作的變化。
威廉?華茲華斯簡介
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